英语四级2021年12套听力_2021年12月英语四级语法知识【三篇】

副标题:2021年12月英语四级语法知识【三篇】

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1.2021年12月英语四级语法知识

  一 、独立结构的构成:

  只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,我们才能用独立结构。独立结构只用做状语,多用于书面语言。常见的独立结构有以下几种:

  (一) 名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词):

  1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况)

  2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴随情况)

  (二)名词/代词+形容词:

  1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况)

  2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况)

  (三)名词/代词+副词:

  1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明)

  2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明)

  (四)名词/代词+介词(短语)

  1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况)

  2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)

  二、独立结构在句子中的作用:

  独立结构在句子中只能做状语,这种结构可以用来:

  (一)表示时间:

  His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.

  (=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)

  (二)表示原因:

  The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.

  (=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )

  (三)表示条件:

  Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.

  (=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)

  (四)表示伴随情况或伴随状况:

  They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.

  (五)表示补充说明:

  He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.

  (=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)

  三、独立变格的变化

  在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with”

  1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?

  ——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.

  A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done

  2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.

2.2021年12月英语四级语法知识

  分词的语态

  1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:

  He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。

  He is the man stopped by the car.  ( = who was stopped by…)

  他就是那个被车拦住的人。

  2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生

  gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned

  例: a well-read person.  一个读过许多书的人

  a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人

  a burnt-out match   烧完了的火柴

3.2021年12月英语四级语法知识

  一般现在时的用法

  1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

  时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

  I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

  2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

  The earth moves around the sun.

  Shanghai lies in the east of China.

  3) 表示格言或警句中。

  Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

  注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

  例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

  4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

  I don't want so much.

  Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

  比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.

  I am doing my homework now.

  第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

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