【#四六级考试# 导语】我们都是有梦想却不知道怎么努力付出的纠结体,是一个需要别人帮忙规划人生的幼稚派。®文档大全网为大家准备了以下内容,希望对大家有帮助。
1.2021年12月英语四级语法知识
一 、独立结构的构成:只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,我们才能用独立结构。独立结构只用做状语,多用于书面语言。常见的独立结构有以下几种:
(一) 名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词):
1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况)
2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴随情况)
(二)名词/代词+形容词:
1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况)
2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况)
(三)名词/代词+副词:
1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明)
2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明)
(四)名词/代词+介词(短语)
1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况)
2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)
二、独立结构在句子中的作用:
独立结构在句子中只能做状语,这种结构可以用来:
(一)表示时间:
His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.
(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)
(二)表示原因:
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )
(三)表示条件:
Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.
(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)
(四)表示伴随情况或伴随状况:
They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.
(五)表示补充说明:
He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.
(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)
三、独立变格的变化
在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with”
1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?
——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.
A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done
2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.
2.2021年12月英语四级语法知识
分词的语态1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
3.2021年12月英语四级语法知识
一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
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