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【篇一】2020年9月大学英语四级语法考点复习
副词apart的用法说明
1.基本用法
apart表示“分开”、“相距”、“离开”等,可以用于时间(time)、距离(distance)、关系(relation)、状况(condition)等;另外从所表示的状态来看,它既可表示静态的“相距”或“相隔”;也可表示动态的“分开”或“离开”等:
The two villages are about two kilometers apart. 这两个村庄相距约两公里。
Their views are wide apart. 他们的看法相去甚远。
During that time we were never apart. 在那段时间里人我们从不分离。
I can't get the two things apart. 我不能把这两样东西分开。
He and his wife are living apart. 他与妻子没有住在一起。
She keeps herself apart from other people. 她与别人保持距离。
2.易错说明
表示具体的时间或距离时,应置于其后,而不应像汉语那样置于其前:
这两座房子相距200米。
正:The two houses are 200 metres apart.
误:The two houses are apart 200 metres.
我们俩的生日刚好相差一个月。
正:Our birthdays are exactly a month apart.
误:Our birthdays are exactly apart a month.
3.用于提问
询问相隔多远时,要用 How far apart...?
你们的住处相距多远?
正:How far apart do you live?
误:How apart do you live?
4.关于apart from
用于短语apart from(在美国英语中通常用 aside from):
①表示“除...外还有”(=besides):
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了花费外,它还需要不少时间。
Apart from being too large, the hat doesn't suit me. 除了太大外,这顶帽子我戴也不合适。
②表示“若没有”、“除...外”(=except for):
The article is good apart from a few spelling mistakes. 除了有几个拼写错误外,这篇文章写得挺好的。
Apart from that, all goes well. 除了那事外,其它一切进展顺利。
比较以下同义句型:
他除了鼻子外,其它哪儿都很好看。
正:Apart from his nose, he's quite good-looking.
正:His nose apart, he's quite good-looking.
【篇二】2020年9月大学英语四级语法考点复习
ago与before的用法区别
1)两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后),但有区别:ago从现在向前回溯,即现在的过去,因此通常与一般过去时连用;而 before则从过去向前回溯,即指过去的过去,因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中)。如:
I bought the computer two years ago. 我是两年前买这台电脑的。
He said they had left five days before. 他说他们 5 天前就离开了。
注:在表示推测或为使语境生动的句子中,有时也可用ago代替before.如:
He must have left a week ago. 想必他在一星期前就离开了。
I had thought that he had died at least 20 years ago. 我原以为他至少在 20 年前就已经去世了。
(2)before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间),泛指一般意义的“以前”,此时可用于一般过去时,也可用于现在完成时。如:
He didn‘t know that before. 他以前不知道此事。
I have been there before. 我以前去过那儿。
【篇三】2020年9月大学英语四级语法考点复习
much可修饰哪些词语
一、much修饰比较级
修饰比较是副词much的常见用法,“much + 比较级”的意思是“更……”“……得多”。如:
It‘s much colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。
It was much worse than I thought. 它比我想像的还要糟得多。
We will be a much better football team next year. 明年我们将会成为一支更好的足球队。
二、much修饰级
much修饰级应置于级前的定冠词之前,而不是之后。“much + the + 级”的意思是“最最……”“绝对是最……”。如:
This is much the most difficult. 这是最最难的。
That‘s much the best plan. 那绝对是的计划。
Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest. 这三个男孩中,尼克最最聪明。
三、much修饰形容词的原级
much修饰形容词原级的情形主要见于那些由过去分词转化来的形容词。如:
I was much annoyed. 我很不高兴。
She wasn‘t much surprised. 她并不太惊讶。
注:有个别非分词转化来的形容词有时也可用much修饰,但这种用法很有限,通常只见于good,different等少数几个形容词。如:
I don‘t think this battery is much good. 我并不认为这种电池非常好。
The new school isn‘t much different from the old one. 新学校与老学校区别不太大。
四、much修饰副词too
much too 为习语,其中的much修饰副词too;much too可视为too的加强说法,其语气比单独用too更强。如:
He spoke much too fast. 他说话说得太快了。
This is much too heavy for you to lift. 这东西太重,你拿不起来。
注意:much too与too much词序不同,用法也不同。从句法功能上看,much too的用法与too相同,但比too的语气更强;而too much在用法上则与much相同,但比much 语气更强。比较:
He drives much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。
The shoes are much too small for me. 这鞋子我穿太小了。
There is too much rain. 雨水太多了。
You have given me too much. 你已经给我太多了。
五、much修饰介词短语
much主要用于修饰由like,in,to等少数介词所构成的介词短语。如:
The baby doesn‘t look much like you. 这婴儿长得不大像你。
They‘re very much in love with each other. 他们彼此在热恋中。
Much to my surprise, she did it by herself. 让我极为惊讶的是,这竟然是她自己做的。
六、much修饰动词
much修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不能用于肯定句中(除非前面有very,too,so等之类的修饰语)。如:
正:She doesn‘t like him much. (用于否定句,故正确)
正:She doesn‘t much like him. (用于否定句,故正确)
正:Does she like him much?(用于疑问句,故正确)
正:Does she much like him? (用于疑问句,故正确)
正:She likes him very [too, so] much. (其前有修饰语,故正确)
注意以下误句:
误:She likes him much. / She much likes him. (因为它用于肯定句,且其前没有修饰语,故不正确)
但是,不带修饰语的much有时也能在肯定句中修饰动词,但这通常只限于 admire,affect,appreciate,dislike,enjoy,look forward to,prefer,regret等少数动词,且much通常只能放在句中,不放在句末。如:
We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。
We would much prefer to be given money. 我们还是更喜欢有人给我们钱。
These factors have much affected the building of nuclear plants. 这些因素极大地影响了核电站的建立。
七、much修饰as
much as 可视为习语,其意为“虽然”,用法与though相似。如:
Much as I‘d like to help, there isn't a lot I can do. 尽管我愿意帮忙,却没有很多事我能做。
Much as he admired her looks and her manners, he had no wish to marry her. 虽说他很欣赏她的外貌和仪态,他却无心和她结婚。
八、much修饰the same
much 修饰the same,从表面上是加强了the same的语气,但实际上是缓和了其语气,其意为“情况大致相同”“几乎差不多”“没什么变化”。如:
The patient is much the same this morning. 今天早上病人情况几乎没什么变化。
Whichever method you use, the result is much the same. 不论你用哪一种方法,结果都差不多。
They eat much the same thing for breakfast every day. 他们每天吃的早餐几乎都一样。
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