2016年职称英语理工a-2017职称英语理工B类完形填空考前练习题二

A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1 researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.
　　The researchers found a way to make an "optical 1 ," said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.
　　Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the 2 of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than 3 expected. 4 these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect.
　　"This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation," Rand said. "In solar cells, the 5 goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power 6."What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of "optical rectification4," says William Fisher, a doctoral student5 in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light’s electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 7 of the positive and negative charges6 in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 8 in a battery.
　　Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light’s magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through7 a 9 that does not 10 electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn’t this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said.
　　"In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost as. 11 in producing charge separation as laser light is," Fisher said.
　　This new 12 could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in 13 solar power to useable energy. That’s equivalent to today’s commercial-grade solar cells.
　"To manufacture 14 solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing," Fisher said. "All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for 15 . It’s already made in bulk10, and it doesn’t require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better."
　　词汇：
　　optical adj.光学的
　　incoherent adj.非相干的
　　capacitive adj. 电容(量)的
　　semiconductor n.半导体
　　rectification n.改正，修正
　　ceramics n.陶瓷
　　注释：
　　1.University of Michigan：密歇根大学。建校于1817 年，是美国名列前茅的公立大学，拥有优良的师资和顶尖的商学院、法学院、医学院和工学院。
　　2. heat load：热负荷
　　3. magnetic moment：磁矩
　　4. optical rectification：光学校正
　　5. doctoral student：博士生
　　6. positive and negative charges：正电荷与负电荷
　　7. shone through：shone是shine的过去式。shine through是"(光)通过"。
　　8. an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter：每平方厘米一千万瓦特的强度
　　9. incoherent light：非相干光
　　10.It’s already made in bulk：它(指玻璃)已大量生产。in bulk 是"大量，成批"。
　　练习：
　　1.A microscope B instrument C fiber D battery
　　2. A modifications B effects C applications D results
　　3. A frequently B privately C previously D formally
　　4.A Under B At C On D Over
　　5.A light B electricity C chemical D magnetism
　　6.A plant B equipment C source D line
　　7.A down B up C together D apart
　　8. A this B that C those D it
　　9. A material B lens C meter D detector
　　10.A produce B convey C use D conduct
　　11.A remote B poor C effective D rare
　　12.A prototype B skill C technique D miracle
　　13.A converting B obtaining C delivering D transmitting
　　14.A compact B modern C durable D handy
　　15. A others B some C all D both
　　答案与题解：
　　1.D第一段说密歇根大学发现，光所产生的巨大磁效应有望用于太阳能发电，从而取代传统的半导体太阳能电池。因此本题的正确选项应该是battery。optical battery是"光电池"。
　　optical microscope (光学显微镜)、optical instrument (光学仪器)或optical fiber (光纤)与第一段的意思没有联系。
　　2.B 选择本题的答案的依据还是要回到第一段。第一段第一句的起始词语是"A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light"。本篇文章中心议题是用magnetic effect of light开发新型的太阳能电池。而以前的科学家认为magnetic effect of light太微弱，不值得去关注它。因此，本题选effects与上下文的意思很连贯。
　　3. C 本句的意思是：当光通过一种绝缘材料时，光场产生的磁效应比以前想象的要强一亿倍。previously是当然的选择。其他三个选项填入句子中，意思不合逻辑：frequently(频繁地)/privately(私下地)/formerly(正式地)expected。
　　4. A under these circumstances 是固定词组，意为"在这种情况下"。也可以说in these circumstances ，而at、on或over 都不与circumstances 连用。
　　5.A通篇文章谈的是光产生的磁效应，所以在太阳能电池中，当然是光进入某种材料起作用。答案是选项A。

2017职称英语理工B类完形填空考前练习题二.doc

本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/ASgx.html