2017年高考英语备考教学观摩:2017年高考英语备考：现在完成时的被动语态

一、概念 　　主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。如： 　　The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。 　　二、形式 　　现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为：have/ has +been +done。如： 　　The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。 　　现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为：have/ has +not +been +done。如： 　　Tom’s novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。 　　现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have /has提到主语的前面。如： 　　Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗? 　　现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have /has +been +done? 如： 　　Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请? 　　三、注意 　　在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下四点： 　　1. 过去分词前的助动词的形式是have /has +been，不可漏掉其中的任何一个。 　　【误】Many new buildings been built since 1980. 　　【正】Many new buildings have been built since 1980. 　　【析】谓语部分结构不全，时态部分不完整。 　　2. 必须表示被动。如： 　　【误】Something bad has been happened to him. 　　【正】Something bad has happened to him. 　　【析】被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。 　　【误】The door has been opened of itself. 　　【正】The door has opened of itself. 　　【析】有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。 　　【误】I have introduced to Mr Smith. 　　【正】I have been introduced to Mr Smith (by Mr Wang). 　　【析】introduce为及物动词，I是introduce动作的承受者，应用被动语态。 　　3. 由finish，buy, start, begin，post，return，borrow, join，marry，open等短暂性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，for a long time等连用，如需表达这样的意思，可改变动词或时态。如： 　　译：这本书买了多久了? 　　误：How long has this book been bought? 　　正：How long ago was this book bought? 　　但这类动词的否定式可与since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。如： 　　No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以来，没有人来买过书。 　　4. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。如： 　　The orphan has been well looked after. 这个孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。 　　巩固练习 　　1. Paper money for over a thousand years. 　　A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using 　　2. Great changes, in my hometown and you can see a lot of factories . 　　A. have been taken place; are being set up 　　B. have taken place; have been set up 　　C. are taken place; had been set up 　　D. had taken place; will be set up 　　3. Come and sit down by the fire. Your hands cold. 　　A. have been felt B. feel C. are felt D. have felt 　　4. The fire to the fifth floor. all the people ? 　　A. has got; Have; been saved 　　B. has been got; Have, saved 　　C. has got; Do; save 　　D. has got; Have; saved 　　5. —We want to sit at the table near the window. 　　—I’m sorry, but it already. 　　A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken

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