2018考研英语一阅读答案解析_2018考研英语拓展阅读：美国互联网大规模瘫痪

Twitter and PayPal were among the major websites shut down on the US East Coast for several hours on Friday local time after Internet service provider Dyn and Amazon’s web services unit were hit by waves of cyber attacks.
　　当地时间周五，美国两家网络服务运营商迪恩和亚马逊遭遇数波网络袭击，导致东海岸的网民数小时内无法登录网上支付系统Paybal、社交媒体网站推特两大知名网站。
　　Dyn, headquartered in New Hampshire, said its Domain Name System (DNS) infrastructure suffered a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack starting at 7:10 a.m. EDT (11:10 a.m. GMT).
　　迪恩公司总部坐落于新罕布什尔州。迪恩声称始于美国东部时间21日7:10(中央时区11点10分)，其域名服务器遭受“分布式拒绝服务”网络攻击。
A DDoS attack is an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources, and the company said the attack is "mainly impacting US East."
　　拒绝服务攻击就是黑客利用合理的服务请求占用尽可能多的服务资源，从而使得其他用户无法得到服务响应。迪恩公司称袭击“主要对美国东海岸的网民造成影响。”
　　About two hours later, Dyn said "services have been restored to normal."
　　两小时后，迪恩表示“服务恢复正常。”
　　But it wasn’t over. The company confirmed that a second DDoS attack took place at 11:52 a.m. EDT (3:52 p.m. GMT).
　　但，事情还没结束。该公司证实第二波攻击于美国东部时间11:52开始。
　　"This DDoS attack may also be impacting Dyn Managed DNS advanced services with possible delays in monitoring," it said.
　　“‘拒绝服务攻击’妄图通过延迟迪恩对DNS服务的监管来施加影响。”
　　In an update posted at 5:37 p.m. EDT (9:37 p.m. GMT), Dyn said its engineers "continue to investigate and mitigate several attacks aimed against the Dyn Managed DNS infrastructure."
　　美国东部时间下午5:37(格林威治时间下午9:37)，迪恩在其更新消息称：工程师正全力以赴对几起袭击展开调查，势必保护迪恩DNS管理系统。
　　Amazon Web Services, a unit of Amazon.com that hosts many of the web’s popular destinations, including Netflix, reported an attack that also affected people on the US East Coast around the same time in the morning.
　　亚马逊是多个知名网站的网络服务运营商，其中包括在线视频网站奈飞。其下属亚马逊网络服务公司称美国东海岸的网民们也于周五上午同一时间受到影响，无法使用其提供的网络服务。
　　"Between 4:31 a.m. (11:31 a.m. GMT) and 6:10 a.m. PDT (1:10 p.m. GMT), we experienced errors resolving the DNS hostnames used to access some AWS services in the US-EAST-1 Region," the company stated on its website.
　　亚马逊消息称：“上午4:31(格林威治时间上午11:31)至太平洋夏季时间上午6:10(格林威治时间下午1:10)，我们在解析DNS主机名时发生错误，而正确解析DNS主机名可以让美国东部1区的网络服务恢复正常。”
　　But this issue has been resolved and the service is now operating normally, it noted.
　　不过，目前问题已经解决，网络运营已正常运转，亚马逊特别指出。
Digital payments company PayPal admitted experiencing brief interruptions in service due to the attack.
　　网上支付系统PayPal承认网络袭击一度令其服务中断。
　　"We’re sorry for the inconvenience," PayPal tweeted.
　　“我们对由此引起的不便深感抱歉。”贝宝发消息称。
　　Currently, it’s unknown who was behind the attacks.
　　目前，尚不清楚是谁发动了网络攻击。
　　White House spokesman Josh Earnest said the US Department of Homeland Security is monitoring this situation and will take a close look at it.
　　白宫发言人乔希·厄尼斯特表示：美国国土安全部正在监控事态发展，并将展开仔细调查。
　　"But at this point, I don’t have any information to share about who may be responsible for that malicious activity," Earnest told reporters.
　　“但此时此刻，我还不清楚谁应该为此恶意行为负责。”厄内斯特告诉记者。
　　A senior US intelligence official told NBC News that the incidents were "a classic case of Internet vandalism."
　　美一名高级情报官员告诉NBC说：这是一起典型的网络破坏行为。
　　The official was quoted as saying that it does not appear at this point that the attacks were state-sponsored or directed.
　　援引该官员的话称：目前这不太可能是政府支持或主导的网络攻击。

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