江西三校生对口升学试卷2021-2017江西三校生对口升学英语考试大纲

英语科考试说明 江西省高等职业学校招生统一考试是由全省中等职业学校合格毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。考试应有较高的信度、效度和必要的区分度。本考试依据教育部 2009年1月颁发的《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》和2017年江西省“三校生”对口升学考试大纲（英语），并考虑我省中等职业学校的教学实际，考查学生的英语基础知识、基本技能和在生活和职业场景中的综合语言应用能力。 本科考试时间为120分钟，总分为150分。 一、考试范围及要求 (一) 语言知识 要求考生掌握并运用《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》中基础模块部分要求的英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题项目，要求词汇量为2000左右。 (二) 语言运用 听力（暂不作考试要求）：要求考生能听懂日常生活中的简单会话和职业场景中的指令。考生应能利用关键词捕捉简单信息（如：姓名、电话号码、职业等）；能根据日常生活和职业场景中的多步骤指令做出相应反应;能理解所听到的日常交际对话的大意。 阅读：要求考生能读懂简单的应用短文，如：简单的请柬、表格、通知及海报等。考生应能抓住阅读材料的中心意思，并找出特定细节信息；能根据上下文和构词法猜测词义；能根据文章信息进行简单的推理、判断；能读懂《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》中“话题项目表”范围内常见题材的简单阅读材料。 写作：要求考生能根据提示进行简单的书面表达。考生应能填写简单的表格（如：个人信息、问卷等）；能写简单的个人介绍；能用简单句描述事物、表达看法；能简要描述熟悉的事件和经历；能根据范例，仿写应用文，如通知、电子邮件、个人履历等。 二、考试形式与试卷结构 (一) 考试形式 闭卷笔试。 (二) 试卷结构 试卷由第I卷和第II卷两部分组成。第I卷为客观题，包括单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解和情景交际；第II卷为主观题，本试卷为书面表达题。 I单项选择：测试考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。本部分共25小题，每小题1分。每题在一句或两句话中留出空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出选项。本部分所需时间约为20分钟。 II完形填空：测试考生在语篇中对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。共20小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本部分所需时间约为15分钟。 III阅读理解：测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。本部分共25小题，每小题2分。要求考生根据所提供短文的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选出选项。本部分所需时间约为50分钟。 IV情景交际：测试考生英语运用能力和英语交际能力。本部分共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分。A段对话，要求考生从对话后所给五个选项中选出可以填入空白处的选项；B段对话，要求考生根据对话内容，从对话后的七个选项中选出能填入空白出的选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。本部分所需时间约为15分钟。 V写作：本部分测试考生的书面表达能力。本部分要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇60-80词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。本部分所需时间约为20分钟。 (三) 试卷难易比例 试卷包括容易题，中等题和难题，容易题占30%，中等题占50%，难题占20%。 (四）试卷题量、分值分布和时间安排

题号 内容 题量 计分 时间（分钟） I 单项填空 25 25 20 II 完形填空 20 30 15 III 阅读理解 25 50 50 IV 情景交际 10 20 15 V 写作 1 25 20 合计 81 150 120

三、题型示例 第I卷（选择题，共125分） Ⅰ．单项选择题（共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分） 从A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项填黑。 1. —Thank you very much, Mr. Smith. — . A. You are welcome B. Don’t say so C. You’re right D. Don’t do that 2. —Have you seen Tony Story? —Yes. is a good film for kids. A. He B. She C. It D. There 3. Look! A student playing basketball on the playground. A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. —How do you usually go to work? —By bus, but yesterday I walked. A. a B. the C. 不填 D. an 5. We have a sports meeting September every year. A. at B. in C. on D. of 6. —Do you have a pet? —Yes, I have a I like it very much. A. car B. magazine C. dog D. computer 7. I can’t tell you what Jane will do this afternoon. I know of her daytime habits. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 8. It is a street. Please be careful when crossing it. A. long B. busy C. modern D. heavy 9. —Smith, somebody wants you on the phone. — no one knows I am here. A. But B. So C. For D. And 10. you help me? I can’t carry the heavy box upstairs. A. Need B. May C. Must D. Can 11. Do you want me what the story is about? A. telling B. to tell C. told D. tell 12. You should talking. We must keep quiet in the library. A. continue B. enjoy C. stop D. learn 13. —Can you tell me you got to the park? —On foot. A. where B. how C. when D. why 14. That sounds rather simple, but it’s very difficult. A. in fact B. in time C. in turn D. in need 15. Willy owned number of books than anyone else I have ever met. A. a large B. a larger C. the largest D. the larger 16. I am writing a letter to Rose, father works in a bank. A. whose B. who C. that D. which 17. —I to the post office. —While you are there, can you get me some stamps? A. went B. have gone C. am going D. go 18. I suggested her out to dinner for a change. A. taken B. take C. to take D. taking 19. We have to hurry up we can catch the last train. A. as if B. so that C. while D. unless 20.—Has Kate finished her report? —I don’t know. She it last night. A. will write B. has written C. is writing D. was writing 21. Don’t too late, or you will fell sleepy in class tomorrow. A. stand up B. look up C. stay up D. get up 22. You have had your hair ; it looks great. A. cuts B. cutting C. to cut D. cut 23. It’s too late to go to the football match now; , it’s beginning to snow. A. besides B. however C. so D. yet 24. —The room is dirty. —I know. It for weeks. A. hasn’t been cleaned B. hasn’t cleaned C. wasn’t cleaned D. didn’t clean 25. —Talk to you later. —All right. . A. I’d like to B. See you C. Not at all D. No way Ⅱ．完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中， 选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I woke up early this morning. I have the habit of getting the morning news. So I tried to watch 26 before I 27 to my office, but I couldn’t. I had an empty feeling and I have had that 28 so many times before. I walked out of my house into the street. On my way to 29 , I decided to get something to 30 from the little store just down the road. I had never been there before but I was 31 and it would be 5 hours before I 32 work. It was a long 33 . I walked in and the owner of the 34 took my order. When I said “I heard you make great cheese”, he seemed very 35 . I looked around and found an empty 36 to eat my food. Next to it, there was an old woman. She looked at me and said, “Has anyone ever 37 you that you have the most beautiful brown eyes?” “No, never, 38 my eyes are blue,” I said. She said, “Oh, yes. You have beautiful blue 39 ”. I 40 and said thank you. She began to tell me some more 41 and they made me laugh. She then said, “Your smile really makes a room a nice place.” I said, “ 42 you very much.” She looked at me with kindness 43 her eyes and said, “ 44 care of that smile.” I felt very 45 . It was really a good start of a day. 26. A. TV B. movies C. magazines D. games 27. A. rode B. sailed C. flew D. went 28. A. coffee B. television C. feeling D. habit 29. A. school B. work C. home D. breakfast 30. A. read B. eat C. smell D. wear 31. A. hungry B. angry C. thirsty D. sleepy 32. A. went to B. went for C. got up D. got off 33. A. time B. way C. story D. trip 34. A. factory B. farm C. store D. station 35. A. upset B. cold C. disappointed D. pleased 36. A. box B. seat C. room D. plate 37. A. ordered B. doubted C. told D. seen 38. A. because B. if C. though D. before 39. A. dress B. hair C. shoes D. eyes 40. A. cried B. wondered C. smiled D. left 41. A. news B. jokes C. songs D. left 42. A. Thank B. Know C. Love D. Hate 43. A. for B. at C. in D. on 44. A. Look B. Get C. Take D. Have 45. A. tired B. puzzled C. strange D. happy Ⅲ．阅读理解（共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中， 选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A

Rose Garden Hotel This popular hotel is in the heart of London. All rooms have colour TVs and bathrooms. Prices are low and the service is excellent. And you can have free breakfast. Everyone is welcome here.

Price a night October－May June－September Single room ￡40.00 ￡55.00 Double room ￡65.00 ￡70.00 Address: 27 Cherry Road, London Tel: 0717-402-8277

Airspeed to the USA Do you often travel to the USA on business? Airspeed is a different airline. It can arrange(安排) interesting one-day sightseeing tours of American cities like Seattle and New York. You can also go to see the White House or have a meal in China Town. You’ll enjoy your business trip, and you will feel as if you’re on vacation! Phone 0171-368-4925 for more information.

46. If you want a double room in Rose Garden Hotel on October 4th, you should pay . A. ￡40.00 B. ￡55.00 C. ￡65.00 D. ￡70.00 47. If you stay in Rose Garden Hotel, you can have free . A. breakfast B. lunch C. bathrooms D. movies 48. Which phone number will you ring to book a room in Rose Garden Hotel? A. 0717-402-8277. B. 0717-402-8298. C. 0171-368-4925. D. 0171-368-4926. 49. Airspeed can arrange for you to visit . A. Seattle B. Beijing C. Paris D. London 50. How can you get more information of Airspeed to the USA? A. By sending an E-mail. B. By making a phone call. C. By going to the White House. D. By writing a letter. B This is my story. I’m French. I fly planes in Africa. One day, when I was flying a very small plane, there was something wrong with the engine(发动机). The engine stopped. I was the only one in the plane. The plane was light and finally I managed to land it. I was OK and the plane was OK, too. Where was I？I didn’t know. I couldn’t see and houses or farms. I had only one bottle of water and two oranges in the plane. No the first day I didn’t eat anything. Luckily, I had a map. In the evening, I began walking. Where should I walk? I looked at my map. I looked at the moon and the stars. I walked and walked. The sun came up on the morning of the second day. It was too hot to walk. I stayed in the same place for many hours. In the evening, I began walking. I ate one orange and drank a little water. The hot sun came up on the fourth day. Would this be my last day on the Earth? I didn’t know. Suddenly I saw a man on a hill. I walked to him excitedly and said hello to him. He looked at me and then gave me some water. I drank and drank and drank … 51. Where does the writer come from? A. America. B. France. C. Italy. D. Britain. 52. What happened to the plane? A. It got broken. B. It couldn’t land safely. C. Its engine went wrong. D. It ran out of gas. 53. Why did the writer eat nothing on the first day? A. He was badly ill. B. He was seriously injured. C. He hadn’t enough food. D. He had lost his map. 54. When did the writer see a man on a hill? A. On the fourth day. B. On the third day. C. On the second day. D. On the first day. 55. How did the writer feel when he saw a man on a hill? A. Frightened. B. Surprised. C. Excited. D. Interested.

C Three-year-old Gaby loves soccer. Every Saturday morning, her mom Jeanne takes her for a 45-minute soccer practice. But soccer season will be over soon. What’s next? Ice skating lessons. Besides sports on the weekends, Gaby also goes to school during the week. “Gaby goes to preschool(幼儿园) from nine to noon Monday through Friday except Tuesday. On Tuesdays, she goes to preschool in the afternoon. She also has cooking lessons on Wednesdays, gymnastics on Thursdays and dance on Fridays. Right now, she’s playing soccer,” said Jeanne. She said even though Gaby was just 3, she needed to take part in lots of different activities to find out what kinds of things she likes doing. “She likes to keep busy. She hasn’t taken a rest at noon since she was 22 months old. She likes to keep up with her big sisters!” Jeanne said. Gaby’s 6-year-old twin sisters Julia and Sophie have lessons six hours a day, five days a week. “Are your kids tired of these activities?” I asked. “No, and I’m not, either. You see, in order to live a better life in the future, children need to learn teamwork, sportsmanship, get exercise and have fun.” 56. How often does Gaby go to soccer practice? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. D. Four times a week. 57. What will Gaby learn after the soccer season is over? A. Skating. B. Swimming. C. Running. D. Riding. 58. Gaby needn’t go to preschool on . A. Monday mornings B. Tuesday mornings C. Thursday mornings D. Friday mornings 59. Gaby has dance lessons on . A. Mondays B. Tuesdays C. Wednesdays D. Fridays 60. Jeanne sends Gaby to take part in so many activities to find out . A. how to teach kids B. when a kid should go to school C. what Gaby is interested in D. why Gaby likes soccer D Most Americans pay attention to their health. In school, children learn to eat healthy food. They are told not to eat too much junk food. They know what is good or bad to eat. Many Americans read the information carefully about what they eat. The U.S. government also requires(要求) strict food, so the food has higher quality and people can eat better food. Keeping fit is often on the top list of Americans’ New Year’s resolutions. Most Americans like Joining health clubs to take enough exercise. Many stores sell sports shoes and clothing. People can even buy equipment(设备) and set up their own exercise center at home. Now Americans exercise less than they did before. The number of people taking part in health activities is becoming smaller. Of high school students, only 37% of them exercise three time a week. However, 70% of the young men watch TV at least an hour every day, and 38% of them watch over three hours. At least one-third of Americans weigh 20% more than their ideal weight. Though these problems are worrying, we still say Americans enjoy good health, because medical care in the United States is the best in the world. 61. What food to American children learn to eat in school? A. Healthy food. B. Junk food. C. Sweet food. D. Snacks. 62. What is on the top list of Americans’ New Year’s plan? A. Keeping fit. B. Selling sports shoes. C. Selling sports clothes. D. Watching TV. 63. Most Americans take enough exercise by . A. walking after dinner B. joining health clubs C. setting up home exercise centers D. running outside in the morning 64. What does the underlines word “ideal”(Paragraph 4) probably mean? A. Important. B. Right. C. Great. D. Balanced. 65. According to Paragraph 4, what problem are Americans facing? A. Exercising less than before. B. Eating less than before. C. Watching less TV than before. D. Working less than before.

E Do you like meeting new people? Do you like talking? Are you shy? Whatever your answers are, the following tips can help you. Have some topics ready to start a conversation. Say something about the weather or the place where you are. Talk about the weekend — we all have something to say about weekends. Make the conversation interesting. Read the latest news. Find out information about popular music or what’s new in fashion or sports. Listen actively. Don’t just say “Yes” or “No” when you answer a question. You’d better show your own opinion, too. Don’t talk about yourself all the time. Ask “How about you?” and show that you are interested in the other person. People love to talk about themselves! Ask information questions. Ask questions like “What do you do in your free time?” or “What kind of food do you like?” Use questions to keep the conversation going. But don’t ask too many questions. It’s not an interrogation(审问)! Be positive. Negative answers can sound rude. And if you don’t want to answer a personal question, simply say, “Oh, I’m not sure I can answer that.” Smile! Everyone loves smile. Just be relaxed, smile and be yourself. 66. How many tips are mentioned in the text? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. 67. According to Paragraph 3, what can we do to make the conversation interesting? A. Sing a pop song. B. Get the latest news. C. Do some sports. D. Ask “How about you?”. 68. What does the writer suggest readers do in Paragraph 4? A. Don’t talk to strangers. B. Don’t say “yes” or “no”. C. Be an active listener. D. Be an active speaker. 69. What can keep the conversation going according to Paragraph 6? A. Information questions. B. Personal questions. C. Being confident. D. Being honest. 70. The text in mainly about some . A. conversation skills B. business skills C. language skills D. study skills

Ⅳ. 情景交际（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读A段对话，从对话后所给五个选项中选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 阅读B段对话，根据对话内容，从对话后的七个选项中选出能填入空白出的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A A：Hi, Judy. Will you help me? B：Oh, Jack. 71. A：My pen pal’s birthday is coming. 72. B：Well, you could buy her a gift. A：Oh, no. She is in America. 73. B：Perhaps you should write her an e-mail. A：74. Because we often write to each other. It’s not special. B：Maybe you could make a nice postcard on the computer by yourself. A：Sounds like a good idea. B：75. A：Thank you. Judy. B：You are welcome. A. But I don’t know what to get for her. B. I can’t meet her at all. C. I don’t think it’s a good idea. D. What’s the matter? E. Now let me help you design it.

B A：Hello, Alex! 76. . B：I’m going to put up the poster on the wall. A：A poster? B：Yes. We are going to have a school party. A：77. B：At half past six tomorrow evening. A：Oh great! 78. B：I’m going to wear my school uniform(校服). A：Could I wear my jeans to the party? B：I’m afraid you can’t. 79. A：Really? B：Yes. Look at the poster. 80. A：Well. I’ll wear my school uniform, too. A. What kind of clothes are you going to wear? B. If so, the students at the door won’t let you in. C. Here are the rules for the party. D. Please bring your ID card. E. What are you going to do? F. When are we going to have it? G. The poster tells us to get there on time. Ⅴ. 书面表达（25分） 假设你是刚从美国来的交换生Jim，请你根据下面表格中的内容在英语课上作一个50~70词的自我介绍，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Name Jim Age 15 Father’s job engineer Mother’s job English teacher School of graduation (毕业学校) Lincoln High school Specialties(特长) computer, English Hobbies sports, collecting stamps, music

Hello! I’m very glad to introduce myself to you. That’s all. Thank you.

参考答案 Ⅰ．单项选择题（共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分） 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. B Ⅱ．完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. C 41. B 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. D Ⅲ．阅读理解（共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分） 46. C 47. A 48. A 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. C 53. C 54. A 55. C 56. A 57. A 58. B 59. D 60. C 61. A 62. A 63. B 64. B 65. A 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. A 70. A Ⅳ. 情景交际（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 71. D 72. A 73. B 74. C 75. E 76. E 77. F 78. A 79. B 80. C Ⅴ. 书面表达（25分） Hello! I’m very glad to introduce myself to you. My name is Jim. I’m a boy of 15. My father is an engineer. My mother is an English teacher. I graduated from Lincoln High School. Computer and English are my favorites, and I’m good at them. In my spare time, I like sports very much. I like collecting stamps and music, too. I think collecting stamps is very interesting. I can learn a lot from it. That’s all. Thank you!

四、英语科考试要点 第一章 名词 一、考试要点 1.名词的词义和基本用法。 2.名词的分类，单数和复数及所有格的用法。 二、知识要点 1.句中成分 名词可用在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 The book is on the desk. (主) We are students. (表) I have a pen. (宾) 2.种类 名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两种。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词；可数名词有单、复数形式的不同。可数名词复数形式的变化又分规则和不规则的，规则形式的变化如下： ①大多数名词后面加s。如：workers。 ②以x, s, ch, sh等结尾，加 es。如：classes, foxes, watches, brushes。 ③辅音字母+y结尾，去y变i加es。如：baby→babies。 ④f/fe结尾，去 f/fe，加 ves。如：leaf→leaves。 ⑤o 结尾，加s。如：pianos, photos。加 es，如：heroes，tomatoes。 3. 名词所有格 ①表示有生命的；表时间、距离、国家、城市、团体机构等无生命名词的所有格：如：Lucy’s, girls’, children’s, a ten minutes’ walk。 ②表示无生命的名词的所有格：of+名词，如：a map of China。 三、实例分析 例 1. These are . A. Mary’s and Jane’s rooms B. Mary and Jane’s room C. Mary’s and Jane rooms D. Mary and Jane’s rooms 答案：A。本题考查名词所有格两人共有和非共有的用法。从主、谓语可以看出，room并非一间，因此属于各自拥有，应在两个名词后面都加’s。 例 2. The old man gained his ______ by printing _______ of famous writes. A. wealth; work B. wealths; work C. wealth; works D. wealths; works 答案：C。本题考查可数名词和不可数名词的用法。wealth表示“财富”，为不可数名词，无复数形式；work表示“工作”，为不可数名词；works则为“著作、作品”，单复同形。 例 3. The naughty girl dropped the _______ and broke it yesterday. A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 答案：D。本题考查名词作定语的用法。英语中可以用名词的所有格、of短语表示所属关系，也可以用名词修饰名词，说明被修饰名词的性质、用途、类别等。A项表示“那杯咖啡”，不合题意；B项中的coffees为错误的用法；C项不符合英语的表达习惯。 第二章 冠词 一、考试要点 冠词的分类和基本用法 二、知识要点 冠词分不定冠词（a，an）和定冠词（the）两种。 1. 不定冠词 a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。它们均表示“一”的 概念，放在可数名词的单数前面，表示一个人或物。如：a teacher，a book，an expert，an apple。 2.定冠词 ①表示某个或某些特定的人或物。 ②在第二次提到某人或某物时。 ③表示说话人和听语人都知道的人或物时。 ④表示某个民族、阶级或阶层。 ⑤表示世界上独一无二的事物。 ⑥放在序数词、形容词级前面。 三、实例分析 例 1. Tom has ______ unusual friend—a dog called Jack. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 答案：B。本题考查不定冠词a，an的区别。a用于以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用于元音开头的名词前。此处的 unusual 是以元音音素开头的。 例 2. Mother’s Day comes on second Sunday in May. A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. 不填; the D. a; the 答案：D。题干的意思是：母亲节是在五月的第二个周日。second为序数词，前面要加定冠词the。May为月份，表示季节、月份、星期、节假日等名称的名词前不用冠词。 例 3. She usually eats little for breakfast but has ______ nice lunch. A. 不填; 不填 B. 不填; a C. the; the D. a; a 答案：B。本题考查冠词的用法。在表示一日三餐的名词前不用冠词，但如果名词前有修饰语，那么就需要有冠词。 第三章 数词 一、考试要点 数词的分类：构成和基本用法。 二、知识要点 1. 构成 数词分基数词和序数词两类。 （1）基数词 ①1~ 12：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve ②13~ 19：thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen ③20, 30, …… 90：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 几十几由十位数和个位数合成，中间加连字符。如：twenty-two, ninety-five。 ④三位数以上：百位和十位之间一般加连词and。如：one hundred and one（101），two hundred and fifty-eight（258）。 （2）序数词 ①第1~第 19：first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, elev-enth, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth。 ②第 20，第 30，第 40……第 100： twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eight-ieth, ninetieth, one hundredth。 ③两位数的序数词：十位数用基数词，只有个位数才用序数词。在序数词前面加连字符，如：thirty-second。 2. 数词的用法 （1）hundred, thousand, million, billion表示确切数目时不能加s，表示不确切数目时，要用复数形式。 如：several hundred, four hundred, seven million, hundreds of, thousands of （2）序数词前一般加 the。 the third lesson，the first room （3）表示“在几十年代”时用“in+the +逢十的数词复数”。 in the 1980s 或 80’s （4）编码表示 。 ①事物名词（不加冠词）+基数词。 Part Two, Lesson One ②定冠词the+序数词+事物名词。 the fifth part, the first lesson。 三、实例分析 例 1. According to the new report, every year about ______ toys are sold to America in their factory. A. 60 millions of B. 60 million of C. 60 millions D. 60 million 答案：D。本题考查确切数目的表示法。基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion表示 确切数目时不能加s。 例 2. When she was _________, she began to learn the piano. A. in her late twenty B. in her late twelve C. in her late twenties D. late in the twenty 答案：C。本题考查年龄表示法的其中一种：in+the+逢十的基数词的复数形式，表示“在某人几十多岁时”。 例 3. The number 2558 is read as ___________. A. two thousands and five hundreds and fifty and eight B. two thousand, five hundred and fifty-eight C. two thousands, five hundreds, fifty eight D. two thousand and five hundred and fifty-eight 答案：B。本题考查“千”以内数字的读法。基数词加thousand和hundred，表示“几千”， “几百”，先读“千位”，再读“百位”。它们之间一般用逗号分开；百位和“几十几”之间加and, 最后再读“几十几”。 第四章 连词 一、考试要点 连词的意义、分类和基本用法 。二、知识要点 1. 句中成分 连词在句子中不能单独作句子成分，只能把词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来,可分为并列连词和从属连词两种。并列连词主要连接的是并列句；从属连词则大多连接状语从句和名词性从句。大多连接状语从句和名词性从句。 2. 并列连词 and, or, not only … but also, either ... or, but, for, however 等。 Work hard and you will succeed. Not only he but also she will go to shanghai next week. 3. 从属连词 （1）表示时间 when, while, as, before, after, since, as soon as, till, until 等。 When the bell rang, I was watching TV. （2）表示地点 where, wherever等。 Wherever you work, you must work hard. （3）表示原因 because, since, as 等。 He was late because his bike was broken on his way to school. （4）表示目的 so that, in order that 等。 I get up early every morning so that I can go to school on time. （5）表示结果so ... that, such ... that 等。 It is such an interesting film that I have seen twice. （6）表示条件if, unless, so/ as long as 等。 If it snows, we will go to make a snowman. （7）表示方式或比as, as … as等。 You should do as the teacher tells you. （8）表示让步though, although, even if, even though, whatever 等。 Though my car is very old, I don’t want to buy a new one. 三、实例分析 例 l. He failed many times in his English exam _______ he didn’t lose heart. A. and B. or C. so D. but 答案：D。本题考查并列连词but的用法。本句意思为：他的英语考试失败了很多次，但他没有灰心。根据句意，此处应为转折关系。 例 2. I was doing my homework ______ my mother was cooking. A. when B. or C. while D. for 答案：C。本题考查连词的基本用法。while除了在时间状语从句中表示“当……的时候”外，还可以用在并列句中表示两者之间的对比。 例 3. Although it is raining, ______ are still working outside. A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they 答案：A。本句有一个although引导的让步状语从句，意为：尽管下雨了，他们还在外面工作。句中已有一个连词，不能再和其他连词一起使用。

第五章 代词 一、考试要点 代词的分类、基本用法和it用法。 二、知识要点 1.代词的分类 （1）人称代词 ①主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they ②宾格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them （2）物主代词 ①形容词：my， your， his，her，its， our，your，their ②名词：mine，yours，his，hers，ours，yours，theirs （3）反身代词 myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves （4）指示代词 this，that，these，those （5）不定代词 some，any，something，anything （6）关系代词 who， whom， that， which 2.人称代词和物主代词的基本用法 （1）人称代词做主语（用主格）和宾语（用宾格）。 I have asked her and she can help me. （2）人称代词she可以表示国家、船只、月亮、大地等。 The moon is bright. She is beautiful. （3）名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。 My home is far from my school. The bike is mine. I have no pen. Can I use yours? （4）双重所有格 。 She is a friend of mine. 3.指示代词的用法 （1）this, these 近指，that, those 远指 。 This is my bag. That is his house. （2）this, these启示下文要讲的事物；that, those指代上文讲过的事物 。 The watches made in Italy are better than those made in any other city. （3）this, that作状语，分别意为“这么”、“那么” I don’t want that much. 4.常见不定代词及用法 （1）all, none all指三者或三者以上的人或物，表示“一切、全部”；与否定词连用表示部分否定。none 表示全部否定。 All of the students are clever, but none of them can use the new machine. Not all birds can fly. （1）any any指代或修饰可数或不可数名词，用于肯定句，表示“任何”，常用于疑问句或否定句。 Do you have any questions? （3）both both指两个人或物，做主语、宾语、定语等，后跟of加复数名词或复数代词。 Both of us like pop music. （4）each, every each指每个（人或事），跟of加复数名词或复数代词；every指每个（常为三个或三个以 上），与not连用表示部分否定。 Each of them can play basketball well. Every student should study hard. (5 ) either，neither，none either指二者中任何一个；neither指两者都不，之后接单数名词及动词；none指三者或以 上，全无，一个也没有。 Here are two computers, you may use either of them. Neither day was suitable. There are 30 students in the class, but none of them are in the classroom now. （6）some，many some指一些，若干，用于肯定句；many指许多，大量，与复数名词连用。 Some people are listening to music; others are reading books in the house. There are many trees in the park. 5. it的用法 （1）可以代替前面已提到的事物。 There is a book on the desk. It is Mary’s. （2）可以代替指示代词this，that。 This is a TV. It is broken. （3）可以表示时间、天气、距离等。 It is getting hotter and hotter. （4）可以作形式主语、形式宾语。 It’s no use talking to her. I find it good to get up early. （5）可以用于强调结构： It is (was) +被强调部分+that，who …（引导词用法） It was him that/who I met in the shopping center last night. （6）特殊句型 It is/ has been + since It has been 10 years since he left his hometown. 三、实例分析 例 1. —Jim, what have you done with the cat? He is wet through. —Not ______, Dad! I never do that. A. myself B. me C. him D. none 答案：B。本题考查人称代词的用法。本句的意思：不是我，爸爸！我绝不会做那样的事。显然，选项中的him和he都是第三人称，不合句意。而myself是指我自己，又因为题干省略了It’s，因此此处用宾格代词me。 例 2. —Which do you like better，tea or coffee? —_____, I just like water. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None 答案：C。本题考查both，either，neither，none的不同用法。both意为“两者都”；either表 示“两者中任一”；neither表示“两者中不管哪一者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上没有一 个”。本题在tea和coffee这两者中进行选择，从回答中可以看出回答者两者都不喜欢，只喜欢 水。 例 3. —Is that car ? —No. It belongs to . A. yours; me B. our; him C. his; hers D. yours; her 答案：D。本题考查人称代词和物主代词的用法。本句的意思是：那辆车是你的吗？不，是她的。A项从语法上看是正确的，但上下句句意矛盾。B项中的your是形容词性物主代词，只能用作定语，后面跟名词，故不能选该项。C项中的her是名词性物主代词，而belong to后要跟宾语，意为“属于某人”，因此C项不能选。 第六章 形容词和副词 一、考试要点 1. 形容词、副词的词义和基本用法和与其他词性的词的搭配 。 2. 形容词、副词的比较级和级。 二、知识要点 1. 形容词的用法 （1）句中成分 形容词主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。 Be careful about what you say. The sunset was a beautiful sight. I find it easy to get on with him. （2）形容词做表语的具体用法（在系动词之后） ①be 动词；感官动词 look, smell，taste，sound，feel 等。 That sounds interesting. ②表示状态存在或改变的系动词之后，如keep，become，get，grow，turn等。 It is becoming colder and colder. 2. 副词的用法 主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。 （1）作状语He knew London very well. （2）作定语Most people there are farmers. （3）作表语She is already up. （4）作宾语补足语She found the light on the next morning. （5）作介词宾语far from here, from abroad, from behind 3. 形容词、副词的级 形容词、副词可划分为三个级：原级、比较级和级。 （1）同级比较 ①as +形容词/副词原级+ as（和……一样）。 The building is as high as that tower. ②not so (as) +形容词/副词原级+ as( so只能用于否定句）。 My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours. （2）比较级用法 ①比较级+than ...。 This bag is bigger than that one. ②比较级+ than any other + 名词单数表示：比其他（任何一个）都……。 Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. ③The +比较级……，the +比较级……意为（越……就越……）。 The harder you work at English, the greater progress you will make. ④比较级+and+比较级（越来越……）。 My hometown is becoming cleaner and cleaner. ⑤比较级之前可用much，far，even，a little，rather等程度词修饰，其中用倍数、分数等词表示比较的程度时，应放在比较级之前。 This room is four times bigger than that one. （3）级用法 形容词或副词的级+表示范围的短语或从句。 She runs fastest in our class. It is the most interesting story that I have ever heard. 三、实例分析 例 1. I feel happy because my grandmother is getting ____________. A. worse and better B. better and better C. worse and worse D. bad and bad 答案：B。本题考查的知识点是“比较级+and+比较级”的形式，表示“越来越……”的含义，因此首先排除A和D。另外本句的句意为：我感到开心，因为我的奶奶越来越好了。根据happy 一词可以判断答案为B。 例 2. More and more people think outdoor activities have become _________ more important than before. A. very B. much C. quite D. fairly 答案：B。本题考查much +形容词、副词比较级形式，表示“……得多”的含义。 例 3. Will you tell me about the news? A. later B. latest C. late D. latter 答案：B。本题考查相似词的含义。latter表示多久之后；latest表示最新的；late表示晚的，迟到的；latter表示后面的，后者。本句的意思是：你能告诉我最新的消息吗？ 第七章 动词的时态和语态 一、考试要点 1.动词的分类 2.常见八种时态的构成和基本用法 3.常见八种时态的被动语态的构成和基本用法 二、知识要点 1.动词分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四种。 （1）实义动词 表示动作或状态的动词，能独立做谓语。如：write, read, study, work等。 （2）连系动词 有一定的词义，但不能完全，不能独立做谓语。必须和表语连用。如：be, become, get, feel, sound等。 （3）助动词 本身没有词义，不能独立做谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语动词，表示时态、语态、语气等特征。疑问句和否定句也要靠助动词来帮助构成。如：do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, will, would等。 （4）情态动词 有词义，表示说话人的语气和情态。不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词没有人称及数量的改变。如：can, could, may, might, must, should等。 2.常见八种时态的构成及用法 （1）一般现在时 ① 表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或现在的特征或状态；常与often, usually, every day等时间状语连用。 ② 表示客观事物或普遍真理。 I go to school at 7：30 every day. The moon moves around the earth. （2）—般过去时 ① 表示某一确定的过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态；常与yesterday, last month, just now 等时间状语连用。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内经常发生或习惯的动作。 I spent two hours doing my homework yesterday evening. The old man used to have a walk after supper when he lived in the countryside. （3）一般将来时 ① will/ shall +v. 表示将要发生的动作和存在的状态。常与tomorrow, next year等时间状语连用。 ②am/ is/ are going to +v. 表示打算要做的事，可能发生的事。 We shall have a meeting tomorrow afternoon. It is going to rain right now. （4）过去将来时 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 My father told me that he would come back the next day. （5）现在进行时 ① 表示说话时正在发生或进行的动作，常与now连用。 ② 表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is talking with a customer patiently. My brother is writing a novel. （6）过去进行时 ① 表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 ② 表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作。 He was doing his homework at 8 yesterday. We were living in the countryside at that time. （7）现在完成时 ① 表示动作发生在过去，现在已结束，而其后果或影响仍然存在。 ② 与since和for引导的时间状语连用时，主句要用延续性动词。 ③ 表示动作从过去某时开始，持续到现在而且还可能持续下去。 I have finished reading this novel. He has been a teacher since he graduated. We have learned English for three years. （8）过去完成时 ① 表示过去某一时刻以前已经完成了的动作。 ② 表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 The film had already begun when we got to the cinema. We had learned six English songs by the end of last term. 3. 常见八种时态的被动语态的构成 （1）一般现在时：am/ is/ are +done The birthday cake is made by him. （2）一般过去时：was/ were +done The bike was broken yesterday. （3）一般将来时：shall/ will + be +done A new subway will be built in our city next year. （4）过去将来时：would/ should be + done It was said that a big surprise would be given to you. （5）现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + done A new park is being built now. （6）过去进行时：was/ were being + done Trees were being planted here this time last year. （7）现在完成时：have/ has been + done The experiment has been done successfully. （8）过去完成时：had been +done Book 1 had been finished learning (by us) till last week. 三、实例分析 例 1. —I haven’t seen your sister for a long time. —She ______ Beijing on business for a month. A. went to B. goes to C. had be in D. has been in 答案：D。本题考查时态的用法。通过特定的关键词来判断时态，是解答时态题必须掌握的一种能力。由关键词for a month判断，此处应用现在完成时。 例 2. —Your classroom is really bright and clean. —It after school every day. A. is cleaned B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. cleans 答案：A。本题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态。由“every day”可知教室被打扫是每天都发生的事，用一般现在时的被动形式：am/ is /are+动词的过去分词。 例 3. —May I speak to Tom? —Sorry, he ________ France. But he ______ in a week. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; would come back D. has gone to; won’t come back 答案：B。本题有明显的表示将来的时间状语in a week，而且本题为当场发生的对话，所以第二空用一般将来时；在第一空中，have/ has gone to表示去了某地还没回来，have/ has been to表示曾经去过某地，have/ has been in则表示（住）在某地，根据答语sorry知John还没回来。 例 4. —Do you know her well? —Sure. We friends since five years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 答案：B。本题有明显的时间状语since five years ago，句子中的谓语要用现在完成时，排除A。而since通常不与瞬间动词连用，排除C和D。 例 5. The students returned to their classroom after a winter vacation only to find it ________. A. to be broken B. has broken into C. was broken D. had been broken into 答案：D。本句句意为：同学们在寒假结束后回到教室，发现教室被人闯入过。Only to引导的是一个结果状语，break表示“打破，弄坏”，而break into则表示“闯入”。根据句意，所填空处应是典型的过去完成时的被动语态。 第八章 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、 考试要点 1. 情态动词的基本用法和特殊用法 2. 虚拟语气在条件从句、宾语从句中的用法 二、知识要点 1. 情态动词的基本用法 （1）can, could ① 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）、许可、可能性。 Can you lift this heavy box? Mary can speak three languages. ② 表示婉转语气。 —Can I go now? —Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. ③ 表示主观推测，用于疑问句、否定句中。 Can this be true? This can’t be done by him. （2）may，might ① 表示允许或征询对方许可。 —May/ Might I take this book out of the room? —Yes, you can. (No, you can’t/ mustn’t.) ② 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! ③ 表示推测、可能性（用于肯定句中）。 He may/ might be very busy now. （3） must，have to ① 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. ② 否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to （不必）。 —Must we hand in our exercise books today? —No, you don’t have to/ you needn’t. ③ must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。 His play isn’t interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. ④ must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）。 Your mother must be waiting for you now. （4）dare敢（常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中） He dare not speak English before such a crowd, dare he? （5）need需要、必须 You needn’t come so early. （6）ought to应该做的 You ought to go to class right away. （7）shall征求对方的意见（疑问句中，用于第一、三人称） What shall we do this evening? （8）will ① 表示意志、意愿（各人称)。 I will never do that again. ② 征求对方意见（疑问句中，用于第二人称）。 Will you go shopping with me this afternoon? （9）should应该（用于劝告、建议、命令等） I should help her because she is in trouble. （10）would ① 表示意志、意愿（语气比will委婉）。 They asked him if he would go abroad. ② 过去的习惯动作。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. （11）had better……相当于助动词，后跟动词原形 You’d better do it now. 2. 情态动词的特殊用法： （1） should (ought to) have + done：原本该做……但未做 You ought to/ should have helped him. （2）should not (ought not to) have + done ：原本不该…… She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it. 3. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 （1）表示与现在事实相反的情况 其句型为“if + 主语 + 动词的过去式（be动词用were），主语+ would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。 If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai. If they had time, they would go with me. （2）表示与过去事实相反的情况 其句型为“if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 + would / could / should / might + have+动词的过去分词”。 If I had taken his advice, I shouldn’t have made such a mistake. （3）表示与将来事实可能相反的情况。 其句型为“if + 主语 + 动词的过去式/ were/ should + 动词原形（were to +动词原形），主语 +would/ could/ might/ should + 动词原形”。 The glass would break if you dropped it. If it should rain, the crops would/ could/ might be saved. 4. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 （1）wish后的宾语从句。 ① 动词用过去式表示目前未能实现的愿望。 I wish I knew the answer to the question. ② 用过去完成式表示在过去未能实现的愿望。 I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time. ③ 用“would/ might + 动词原形”表示对将来的主观愿望。 I wish it would stop raining. （2）在 ask, desire，request，demand，require，beg，move，suggest，recommend，advise, decide，order，maintain，urge，insist 后的宾语从句中，常用“should（可省略）+ 动词原形”形式。 The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. She insisted that I should finish the work at once. 三、实例分析 例 1. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 答案：C。本题考查情态动词的用法。should译为“应该”，含有批评的语气。 例 2. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _______ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would 答案：A。本题考查情态动词的用法。在否定和疑问句中只能用can表推测。 例 3. —My cat’s really fat. —You ______ have given her so much food. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 答案：C。本题考查should not (ought not to ) have + done：原本不该……的用法。shouldn’ t have done表示本不应该做某事但实际上却做了，含有责备的语气。 例 4. —Did you catch the first bus this morning? —If I _______ earlier, I _______ the bus. A. got up; would catch B. should get up; could catch C. had got up; would have caught D. had got up; would catch 答案：C。本题考查虚拟语气由条件状语从句If引导的用法。先排除D项；A项表示对现在的虚拟；B项表示对将来的虚拟；C项则表示对过去的虚拟。根据this morning可得知，该事已经发生。 例 5. I wish I _____ you yesterday. A. seen B. had seen C. did see D. were to see 答案：B。本题考查wish后的宾语从句表示虚拟语气的用法。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，宾语从句中的谓语动词用had+过去分词；表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，宾语从句中的谓语 动词用过去式。根据yeterday的提示，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。 第九章 非谓语动词 一、 考试要点 非谓语动词的分类、构成以及在句子中充当的成分和基本用法 二、知识要点 1. 非谓语动词的分类 动词不定式，动名词和分词等三种形式。分词又分为现在分词和过去分词两种。 2. 非谓语动词的构成（以动词do为例） （1）动词不定式：to do ( sth.) （2）动名词：doing (sth.) （3）分词：doing (sth.) / done 3. 非谓语动词在句子中的成分和基本用法 （1）动词不定式：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 ① To learn English well is difficult. ② I want to go shopping with you. ③ My dream is to be an actor. ④ We always have a lot of homework to do. ⑤ To catch the bus, he got up very early this morning. ⑥ Our teacher asks us to clean the classroom every day. （2）动名词：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 ① Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. ② He enjoys listening to jazz. ③ My hobby is collecting stamps. ④ There is a swimming pool near my house. （3）分词：作表 语、定语、状语、 宾语补足语。 ① We were all excited when hearing the news. ② China is a developing country. ③ The students went to the bus stop, talking and laughing. ④ I saw him playing on the playground. 三、实例分析 例 1. Don’t forget a bag when you go shopping. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 答案：B。本题考查forget后跟动词不定式和动名词的用法。forget to do表示“忘记要去做的事情”；而forget doing则表示“忘记已经做过的事情”。本题的题干是：当你去购物时，别忘了带上袋子。 例 2. She tried hard, but she still couldn’t make us ______ our mind. A. to change B. changed C. change D. changing 答案：C。本题考查动词不定式做宾语补足语的用法。动词不定式在有些动词后作宾语补足语时不带to，这些动词有两类：一类是感官动词，如：hear，see，watch，notice，feel等；另一类是使役动词，如：let，have，make等。本句中的make则属于该种用法。 例 3. I find _____ not good _____ bed late in the evening. A. it; going B. that; going C. it; to go to D. that; to go to 答案：C。本题考查动词不定式中形式宾语的用法。当复合宾语中的宾语为动词不定式 时，须将动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后，而在宾语补足语之前用形式宾语it。本题中，to go to bed in the evening为动词不定式作宾语，而not good则为宾语补足语。在这种情况下，需要添 加it作形式宾语。 例4. It is no fun ______ to the park again. A. going B. go C. went D. to go 答案：A。本题考查it/ there is no use/ good/ fun + doing这个固定用法。 例 5. _______ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw 答案：C。本题考查现在分词和过去分词作状语时的区别。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它和句子的主语之间是主动关系；过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，它和句子的主语之间是被动关系。 第十章 介词和介词短语 一、考试要点 1.常见介词 2.介词短语的用法和易混介词的异同 二、知识要点 1. among，between among 意为“在……中间”，表示在三者或三者以上的中间；between 意为“在……之间”，表示在两 者之间。 He is the tallest among the students. The apple is between two cups. 2. beside，besides，except，except for，but （1）beside意为“在……旁边”，与by，at同义 I stood beside Tom. （2）besides意为“除……以外还有”，包含在整体之中。 Besides these honors he received a sum of money. （3）except 意为“除 ……之外”，从整体中减去。 We all failed except him. （4） except for 意为“只是”，除去的东西与前面提到的东西不同类。 The carpet is good except for its price. （5）but 意为“除……之外”，常用在no，不定式和疑问词后。 No one but me passed the exam yesterday 3. to，in，on在方位名词前的区别 （1）in表示“在某一范围之内” Taiwan is in the southeast of China. （2）to表示“在某一范围之外” Japan lies to the east of China. （3）on表示“位于”，某地与某地相邻 North Korea is on the east of China. 4. with，by，in表示行为的工具、手段、方式 （1）with用于有形的工具 He broke the window with a stone. （2）by用于无形的工具或方式手段 He makes a living by selling newspapers. （3）in使用材料，原料 I like to draw the picture in red ink. 5. in the way，in a way，by the way，on one’s way... （1）in the way挡路；妨碍 Her social life got in the way of her studies. （2）in a way 某个方面；在某种意义上 In a way, he was right. （3）by the way是个语气词，即“附带说一句、顺便问一下、顺便说一声”之意 By the way, has everybody arrived? （4）on one’s way在某人去……的路上 On his way home, he saw a very beautiful bird. 6. 常见的表示时间的介词 （1）in 在…… ① in +年，月，年代，世纪，朝代，季节，上午，下午，晚上。 in the 20th century; in 1999; in winter; in September; in the morning/ afternoon/ evening ② 表示人生的一段时间。 in one’s life; in the school days （2）on在……，o n+日，节假日，星期几，具体某一天的上午，下午或晚上。 on September 10th, on Christmas day, on Friday, on Monday evening。 （3）at ① 在……，at+某一时间点。如：at 7:00。 ② at + 一段时间。如：at noon, at night。 三、实例分析 例 1. Would you like some bread _____ your coffee? A. with B. to C. for D. in 答案：A。本题考查常用介词的基本用法。选项C、D虽然在语法上成立，但在逻辑上行不通。用with（表示“和……一起”）后，本句的意思为：喝咖啡时吃面包。 例 2. Everything was perfect for the picnic ______ the weather. A. in spite of B. except C. except for D. in case of 答案：C。in spite of表示尽管；except表示除了之外；except for则为肯定整体，除去瑕疵；in case of表示以防万一。句意为：除了天气之外，一切都适合野餐。 例 3. Nancy has formed the habit of jogging ______ the street for one hour every day. A. between B. along C. below D. with 答案：B。根据句意：Nancy已经形成每天沿着街道慢跑一个小时的习惯。表示“沿着”时，应用along。 第十一章 主从复合句 一、考试要点 1. 主从复合句中从句引导词的意义和基本用法 2. 名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句的基本用法 二、知识要点 1. 名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。 （1）主语从句 ① It is bad news to him that he can’t go abroad for further study. ② Whether they will come or not is unknown. ③ Who will win the game is not clear. ( 2) 宾语从句 ① The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. ② I didn’t know what we should do next. ③ Could you tell me when your father will be back? （3）表语从句 ① The problem is that who can help us. ② The question is whether he will come or not. ③ That is why I was late. 2. 定语从句 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 ①关系代词：who（主）、whom（宾）、whose（定）；先行词为指人的名词或代词。 Do you know the woman who is talking with our teacher? He is the man whom they are looking for. She is the girl whose mother is a doctor. ② 关系代词：that(主/宾）；先行词既可指人，也可指物；或人和物一起。 It was the most interesting novel that I have ever read. I’ll never forget the people and things that I met when I lived in the countryside. He is the boy that I want to know. （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 ① when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。先行词为表示时间的名词或代词。 The days when people lived a miserable life were gone. ② where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。先行词为表示地点的名词或代词。 This is the factory where my father works. ③ why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词通常为reason。 That is the reason why I was late. 3. 状语从句 （1）时间状语从句 由 when， while， as，until，till，before，after， as soon as 等引导。 We’ll let her know it as soon as she comes back. （2）原因状语从句 由 as， since， because 等引导。 Since it is raining heavily, let’s watch TV at home. （3）结果状语从句 由so ... that， such ... that 等引导。 The book is so interesting that I want to read it again. （4）条件状语从句 由 if，unless，so(as) long as，in case 等引导。 If it is fine tomorrow, we will go hiking. （5）让步状语从句 由though， although， even if( though)， however， whatever，as 等。 He couldn’t come to the party though he wanted to. （6）方式状语从句 由 as，as if (though)等引导。 We should do as our parents tell us. （7）目的状语从句 由 so that, in order that 等引导。 We got up very early this morning in order that we could catch the first bus. 三、实例分析 例 1. This is the most beautiful city _____ I have ever visited. A. that B. when C. which D. where 答案：A。本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词city前有级the most beautiful修饰，所以定语从句只能用that引导。 例 2. Please tell us _____ to the Qiushui Square. A. how can we reach B. how we can reach C. how can we get D. how we can get 答案：D。本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句中要用陈述语序，而reach为及物动词，相当于get to。 例 3. The girl gave me a hand was in a blue dress. A. who B. whose C. which D. when 答案：A。本题考查定语从句的用法。此处先行词为the girl，指人，因此首先可以排除 which和when。在从句中，缺少主语，所以可以确定此处应使用关系代词who。 例 4. Jingdong.com is a popular website people can sell and buy goods conveniently. A. where B. which C. that D. what 答案：A。本题考查关系副词在定语从句中的用法。where引导定语从句，表示在……的地方。本题的题干意为：京东网是一个很受欢迎的网站，在这个网站，人们买卖货物都很方便。 例 5. she did was hard to understand. A. What B. Whatever C. That D. Which 答案：A。本题考查关联词what在主语从句中的成分及含义。在本题主语从句中“what she did”中，what作主语，意为“所……的”。而whatever意为“无论什么”；that引导主语从句时，不承担句子成分并且无具体含义，因此B，C均不是正确选项。which随人在从句中可以承 担主语成分，但意为“哪一个”，因此也不是正确答案。

第十二章 主谓一致 一、考试要点 主谓一致的原则和基本用法 二、知识要点 主谓一致是指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数的变化的一致，即句子中谓语的变化要根据 句子主语的人称和数的形式来决定。 （1）主语是抽象概念短语或从句作主语时，谓语用单数形式。 What he said is true. （2）两个以上的主语用and或both连接时，谓语用复数形式。 Both my father and my mother are workers. （3）and连接的两个名词指同一个人或事物时，谓语用单数。 The professor and writer was present at the meeting just now. （4）集体名词：如family，class，team，group，committee，audience等作为整体意义时，谓语用单数形式；如若指各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。 My family is a happy one. My family are all fond of singing. （5）主语是单数而后面有 as well as，with，together with，like，but，except 等短语时，谓语动用单数形式。 She as well as her friends always goes shopping on Sundays. （6）两个主语 两个主语由not only ... but also，either ... or，neither ... nor相连接时，在肯定句中谓语变化取决于后面；在疑问句中取决于前者。 Either he or I am wrong. （7）主语为有生命的集体名词。如：people，police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are looking for the missing boy. （8）金钱、时间、重量、长度和距离等名词作主语，虽为复数形式，但表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。 Ten minutes is enough. （9）a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of the books are Chinese. The number of the books in our school library is twenty thousand. （10）one of +复数名词+ who/ which引导定语从句，who/ which在定语从句中做主语，从句谓语用复数；the ( only) one of +复数名词+who/ which引导定语从句，who/ which在从句中做主 语， 从句谓语用单数。 Tom is one of those people who have trouble making up his mind. Tom is the one of those people who has trouble making up his mind. （11）在there be句型中，并列的两个主语作主语，谓语动词按就近原则。 There is a book and some pens on the floor. There are some pens and a book on the floor. 三、实例分析 例 1. Everyone except Li Ming and Wang Yang ______ there when the party began. A. was B. is C. are D. were 答案：A。本题考查主语后面接 with，together with，including，like，as well as，except，but 等短语时的主谓一致问题。当主语接上述这些短语时，谓语动词不受这些词语的干扰，依然和主语本身保持一致。本题的主语是everyone，后接单数谓语动词。 例 2. A number of cars _______ parked in front of the park every day. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：B。本题考查时态的用法以及a number of和the number of的区别。根据题意every day,可确定本句时态应使用一般现在时，先排除C、D项。A number of表示“一些，若干”，后跟可数名词的复数形式，其谓语动词也要使用复数形式；the number of表示“……的数量”，后 跟可数名词的复数形式，但谓语动词要使用单数形式。 例 3. Neither he nor I going to do sports after class. A. am B. is C. are D. be 答案：A。本题考查由neither… nor连接的两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词应根据就近原则与邻近的名词或代词保持一致这一用法。此处邻近的主语是I，因此谓语动词应该用am。 例 4. Nine years quite a long time. A. is B. are C. were D. have been 答案：A。本题考查时间、金钱、距离、重量等概念的词作主语时的主谓一致问题。当上述词语作主语时，应将其视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 例 5. Both Tom and his mother _____ Hainan for Summer vacation. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. have been to D. has been to 答案：B。本题考查并列结构作主语时的主谓一致以及have/ has been to和have/ has gone to的区别。have/ has been to表示“去过某地（现在已经回来）” ；have/ has gone to表示“去了某 地（现在还没回来）”。题干意为：Tom和他爸爸都去海南过暑假了。因此此处应选用have/ has gone to。用and或both ... and连接的并列结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 第十三章 倒装句 一、考试要点 倒装的概念，分类及基本用法 二、知识要点 1. 定义 倒装是指谓语动词在主语前的这种语序。倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。 完全倒装：Out rushed the boys to welcome the visitors. 部分倒装 ：Are you a student? 2. 倒装结构的基本用法 （1）否定意义的副词：如：hardly，never，not， little， few，seldom等放在句首时，句子部分倒装。 Seldom have I met her recently. （2）only +状语位于句首时，句子部分倒装。 Only through his help, can we succeed in solving the problem. （3）so (neither, nor) +be(have，助动词或情态动词）+主语 He has been to Yunnan, so have I. （4）here (there, now, then) +不及物动词+主语的句型结构中，句子完全倒装。但代词做主语时，主谓语序不变。 There goes the bell. Here you are. （5）省略if的虚拟句型中，句子部分倒装。 Were he here, he would help us. （6）no sooner ... than ...，hardly … when，not until 句型中，主句部分倒装。No sooner had he gone out than the bell rang. （7）由as（虽然）引导的让步状语从句，用倒装形式。 Tired as he was, he kept on working. 三、实例分析 例 1. —I won’t go to Tiananmen Square in such a hot day. Will you? —If you don’t, I. A. So am B. Nor do C. So will D. Nor will 答案：D。本题考查“neither/nor助动词+主语”这一结构。这是前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。而If引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 例 2. Never _____ such a good English teacher before I came to this school. A. do I meet B. had I met C. I met D. I had met 答案：B。本题考查否定词提前的部分倒装。将含有否定含义的副词（如never，seldom，not， little等）置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓部分倒装。 例 3. Only in this way ______ the final Math exam. A. can we pass B. we can pass C. can pass we D. pass can we 答案：A。本题考查only引起的倒装。为了强调only及其修饰的状语，常将它们移到句首，句中的主谓要部分倒装。 例 4. —Listen, there ________. —Oh, yes. There . A. goes the telephone bell; it goes B. goes the telephone bell; goes it C. the telephone bell goes; it goes D. the telephone bell goes; goes it 答案：A。本题考查以there开头的倒装句的用法。当句子以副词here， there， now， then 等词开头，且谓语动词是be，come，go等不及物动词时，如果主语是名词，要完全倒装；如果主语是人称代词，仍用陈述语序。 例 5. Lucy had made great progress this term. , and . A. So she has; so you have B. So she has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have 答案：B。本题考查“so主语+助动词”和“so+助动词+主语”这两种句型的区别。题干的 意思是：Lucy这学期取得了很大进步。她确实取得了很大进步，你也一样。回答者中的第一个选项表示对前者的话表示赞同，主语是同一个人——Lucy，因此不用倒装。第二个选的主语 是you，表示：你和Lucy的情况一样，要用倒装。 完形填空的考核要求 完形填空是英语考试题中一种难度较高的综合能力测试题，此题涉及的知识面广，综合能力强，不但考查学生对语篇理解的连贯性，而且也考查语言使用的准确性。纵观近几年的江西省高等职业学校招生统一考试试题，完形填空的考点主要侧重于以下几个方面： 1. 空格涉及以考查文义为主，信息词汇（名词，动词，形容词，副词，连词，代词等实词为主）比重比较大，其中数词，冠词和情态动词均未涉及过。 2. 降低了考查单词本身词义的要求，常常结合具体语言环境以及文句之间关系的理解。 突出了对文章整体理解能力的考查，侧重测试英语习惯用法和英美语言文化背景知识的掌握。

完形填空答题基本技巧 做完形填空A部分时，通常要弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析，判断才能做出恰当的选项。具体可以分为以下三步： 1．通览全文，应先越过空格，通读全文，理顺题目的意思，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空的关键，因为完形填空的特点着眼于整体理解。我们应该依据首句的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空格，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。 2.仔细推敲，初定答案。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便着手答题。答题时要依据文章内容要求，结合文章的主题，综合运用所学的词汇，语法知识，对每个空进行认真分析，反复推敲，从而确定答案。 3. 复读检查，消除漏洞。完成所有的空缺后，应再次通读全文，看行文是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复检时，可以语法入手检查时态，主谓一致，代词的性，名词的单复数，名词的所有格以及词语的搭配是否正确。遇到疑点，须根据中心思想，从语义，语法上加以权衡。 阅读理解的考核要求 阅读是我国考生接触英语，了解英语国家的文化和中西文化的异同点，培养跨文化意识的最主要途径，是高中英语教学和测试评价的重点。因此，阅读理解在试卷中所占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： (1)理解文章主旨要义 任何一篇文章都有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义。从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题)，也会了解作者希望读者了解主题哪些方面的内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力(如确定文章的标题)有一定的要求。 (2)理解文中具体信息 文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻找所需的细节。这类试题的答案有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。 (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义 正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些生词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。考生应能运用阅读策略，在有限的时间内快速获取和处理语篇中的信息，达到克服生词障碍，准确猜测词义的目的。 (4)作出简单判断和推测 阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即理解作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中， 有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测(infer)作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。 (5)理解文章的基本结构 英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的主题。主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个主题。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查，一般反映在理解文中某一段落的作用或某些词语的指代关系的题目中。 (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确地表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。 (7)判断文章的背景和出处 每篇文章一般都有其相应的背景。考生在考试时不可能直接从媒体上阅读文章，而是从命题者摘选的篇章间接阅读。因此，考生除了理解文章主旨、细节、作者意图等信息外，还应从文章的题材、体裁、内容、语言特点等方面来判断文章的背景和出处。

情景交际的考核要求 补全对话题型要求考生阅读一则对话，并从所给的7个或5个选项中选出5个，将对话补全，具有较强的口语交际功能。主要考查考生在特定的语境中比较得体地表达自己的连贯意思的能力，是以笔试的形式考查考生英语口语交际能力，目的是为了弥补当前英语考试中尚无法进行统一口试的不足。其特点是注重交际应用，强调对交际对话篇的整体理解。补全对话题涉及的题材非常广泛，注重应用性，考生应该熟练掌握大纲中所列的话题和功能项目。

写作的考核要求 写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据情景和提示，在语篇中用单词的适当形式填空以及书面表述事实、观点、情感和想象内容。考生应能： (1)正确拼写单词 单词拼写是英语写作的最基本的技能。考生应在理解语篇的基础上，根据句子意义、结构、单词在句子中的位置以及提示，拼写出形式正确的单词。 (2)准确运用语法和词汇 语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。准确运用语法结构和词汇是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。 (3)灵活运用句型和词汇，清楚、连贯地表达思想 任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，考生应该围绕该主题，灵活运用所学句型、词组、关联词等，恰当得体、清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。

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