美国饮食文化英文介绍|美国文化介绍：美国的饮食文化

Leftovers　吃剩的食物 　　You have probably heard that in American restaurants, if you can't finish your meal, you can put the remains in a "doggy bag" and take them home. This is quite true. If you leave some meat, in particular, your waiter may ask you if you'd like him to put it into "a little bag", or you can ask him to do this. 　　生活在美国(四) 美国用餐常识 　　中国菜着重色、香、味， 西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐，应该注意如下事项： 　　1)选择合适的餐馆(如：家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等); 　　2)餐馆营业时间(上午11：30开门营业，直到夜晚); 　　3)一般都应事先预订餐位： 　　4)到达餐馆后，不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌，除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示; 　　5)付款时，别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费(一般为实际总额的10%～15%)。 　　Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA. The food is usually good and often excellent; the prices are reasonable ; and the service is mostly fine. 　　Choosing a Restaurant 选择餐馆 　　Some restaurants are open for breakfast; others are open twenty- four hours a day. A number of restaurants call themselves "family restaurants". Many of these serve no alcohol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks, hamburgers, novelettes(炒蛋) and sandwiches, and all are at very reasonable prices. They may also serve smaller and cheaper children's portions(份餐). Note that many American restaurants are "specialty" restaurants . They may serve only, or mainly , steaks , seafood, etc. 　　When to Eat 供餐时间 　　Many restaurants, especially the more expensive ones, open at about 11：30 a.m. (midday, rather than 1 p.m. , is the most normal time for lunch in the USA), and some remain open until the evening, so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon. 　　In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. , than waiting until later. 　　Reserving a Table 预订餐位 　　Eating out is rather popular in the USA. And it is often necessary to make a reservation. You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables at restaurants-it's more pleasant to wait in the bar , of course, if there is one-but there queues more quickly. 　　Arriving at Restaurant 到达餐馆 　　When you arrive at most restaurant, you should not just go in and sit down- unless you see a sign saying "Please seat yourself" . Usually you will have to wait for a "hostess" or "captain" (领班) to escort(陪同) you to a table . Often there will be a sign that reads "Please wait to be seated". 　　Do not expect to share a table with other parties, even if the restaurant is crowed . It just isn't done. 　　Many restaurant have a no-smoking section, in some place by lows. 　　One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitress will often bring you a glass or water(with ice naturally) and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal. (Most American are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.) 　　When your waiter or waitress takes your order, it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table. Each person orders separately , except in the most expensive restaurants. 　　Summoning a waiter 召唤侍者 　　You may find your waiter unusually friendly. He may ask you how you are (You're supposed just to say "Fine"), inquire whether you have a good day and , later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal. 　　To summon a waiter in a American restaurant you may call "Bill", or "Mary", or "Claude", or whatever. Waiters and waitresses often actually introduce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags, you are permitted to use their first names. 　　Paying the Bill 付款 　　The bill (often called the "check") comes usually with tax added but no service chare- though some restaurant do now add a service charge. The etiquette(规矩) books say that you should leave a ten per cent tip(小费) for lunch, fifteen per cent for dinner. The tip should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addition of tax. 　　At many restaurant you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and than pay at a cash desk on the way out. 　　生活在美国(五) 美国人的酒 　　酒的种类 　　美国的酒大致可分为啤酒、鸡尾酒、威士忌和葡萄酒。啤酒有淡啤酒和浓啤酒之别;包装采用瓶装、听装和壶装。鸡尾酒和“混合饮料”含有很浓的酒精成 分，饮用方式一般有加冰和不加冰两种，其配制方式各种各样。威士忌也是一种烈性酒，而且呈油状，分为黑麦威士忌和苏格兰威士忌。葡萄酒分为红、白两种，但 值得注意的是：标有“Chablis”商标的葡萄酒并非法国所产的无甜味的白葡萄酒，而是美国加利弗尼亚州生产的白葡萄酒，该酒在美国享有盛誉。 　　Beer 　　American beer, with very few exceptions, varies from the mediocre(普通的) to the terrible. There are not many types of beer in the US—"light" and "dark" are two terms commonly used. 　　It is therefore normal to order beer simply by brand name. In a restaurant, in fact, it is quite all right to order "a beer", and they will tell you what they have. 　　It is not necessary, either, to specify quantity when ordering beer. If it comes in bottles or cans, you will get a bottle or can, and if it's "on tap" (可以随时取用的) you will get a glass, unless you order a "pitcher"(有嘴和柄的大酒罐 i.e. a jug). The latter is very convenient thing to do, since you can then take the jug and glasses to your table and keep filling up without going back to the bar. (It is harder, however, to know how much you have drunk.) 　　Some beer comes in bottles with tops that look as if they need an opener, but you can, in fact, screw(拧开) them off by hand—though you have to be very careful not to hurt yourself. It is possible, in some stores and bars, to find a wide selection of beer from all over the world, especially Western Europe and Australia, and it is good fun to experiment with these. 　　Cocktails 　　Cocktails and "mixed drinks" are much more popular and rather stronger in the USA than in Europe, and visitors may not be familiar with some of the terminology(术语). "On the rocks", as you probably know, means with ice, while "straight up" or "up" means neat and without ice. 　　There are hundreds of different cocktails, and there is no space here to list all the different names. 　　The Hard Stuff 　　In America "whiskey" means bourbon(一种烈性威士忌酒，最初为美国肯塔基州Bourbon地区所产) unless otherwise indicated. Bourbon is a rather oily spirit made from maize(玉米). Rye(黑麦威士忌酒) whiskey is called "rye" and Scotch whiskey "Scotch". 　　Wine 　　In bars wine can often be bought by the glass. Don't be misled by names such as "Chablis" is used to refer to white wine, and "Burgundy" to red—Americans seem never to have heard of white Burgundy.. 　　饮酒与法律 　　在美国及各州、市、县对饮酒都制定了相关的法律。顾客要饮酒必须达到法定的年龄，一般规定在18至21岁以上。顾客进酒吧时，常需接受保安人员对其年龄进行核实。此时，只需出示自己的驾照或其他有效证件即可，因为这些证件上注有持证人的出生日期。 　　Alcohol(含酒精的饮料) and the law 　　It is difficult to give a description of American laws concerning alcohol because they vary from state to state and city to city. The following, though, may be noted. 　　Some towns, even state are totally is sold at all except that they allow the sale of very weak (3.2 percent alcohol) beer, known as "three- two" beer. Some places do not allow the sale of alcohol on Sundays, even in shops — you may find a bar locked over the alcohol shelves. You can see it but not buy it! Other places permit alcohol to be sold on Sunday afternoons and evenings, but not on Sunday mornings. (Note that this means sales have to stop at midnight on Saturday.)In many parts of America, you are not allowed to drink alcohol in a public place. That is, you may not sit in a parlor walk along a street drinking beer, and you cannot even take a nice bottle of wine on your picnic. In some places, people can be seen taking drinks in public places from cans wrapped in brown- paper bags. These are not cans of Coca- Cola. And in many states you are not allowed to drink alcohol while driving, or even have an opened alcohol container in the car. Some bars have a license(执照) only for beer and wine. Others are also allowed to sell spirits(烈性酒) and thus, as Americans say, "mixed drinks". 　　Many bars have a period known as "happy hour", often longer than an hour, when they sell drinks at lower-than-usual prices. This is usually around 5 p.m. and may be only on certain days of the week. 　　The Legal Drinking Age 　　Legal drinking age varies from place to place but is generally between 18 to 21. Some places permit the consumption(消费) of beer at 18 but spirits only at 21. Others permit the consumption only of "three-two" beer from 18 to 21. (Young people therefore often drive from one place to another with more liberal drinking laws.) In any case, in some parts of the USA young people are allowed to vote, marry, raise children, keep full-time jobs, be tried in courts as adults, join the army and even buy guns—but NOT have a glass of beer. In some places people aged between 18 to 21 are allowed to go into bars but not allowed to drink. Another even more interesting aspect of American drinking-age laws is that in some places people below legal drinking age are not even allowed to sell alcohol. 　　Providing Proof of Your Age 　　In most places these drinking laws are fairly rigidly enforced(严格地实施). You may, for example, find people lining up to get into a bar and discover that the queue is caused by a guard on the door who is asking everybody for ID(身份证). If you ask him why he wants to know who you are, he will inform you that he actually wants confirmation(确认) of how old you are. On such occasions Americans often show their driving licenses, which have their date of birth written on them.

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