2016年公共英语三级答案|2016年公共英语一级考试高效模拟训练题(9)

　　The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II

　　The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy， the persecution of Jews， the war on religion， the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis， and especially the plans of Germany and her allies， Italy and Japan， for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler‘s atrocities， the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.

　　American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt‘s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany‘s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March， 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August，1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell， exchange， or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August， 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December， 1941， Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter， Germany declared war on the United States.

　　1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was

　　[A]the burning of the Reichstag.

　　[B]German plans for conquest.

　　[C]Nazi barbarism.

　　[D]the persecution of religious groups.

　　2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to

　　[A]help the British.

　　[B]strengthen the national defense of the United States.

　　[C]promote the Atlantic Charter.

　　[D]avenge Pearl Harbor.

　　3. American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being

　　[A]watchful.

　　[B]isolationist.

　　[C]peaceful.

　　[D]indifferent.

　　4. The Neutrality Act of 1939

　　[A]permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations.

　　[B]antagonized Japan.

　　[C]permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.

　　[D]led to Lend-Lease Act.

　　5. We entered the war against Germany

　　[A]because Germany declared war.

　　[B]because Japan was an ally of Germany.

　　[C]after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.

　　[D]after peaceful efforts had failed.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. Reich 　帝国，尤指第二次世界大战前及大战期间的德国

　　2. atrocity　 凶残，残暴

　　3. belligerent 　好战的，交战国的

　　4. discretion 　判断力，自行裁决，谨慎

　　5. empower　 赋予……权力

　　6. embargo 　禁运，封港

　　7. quarantine 　停船检疫，隔离，封锁，使孤立

　　8. partition 　分割，瓜分

　　9. menace 　威胁，危险

　　10. repeal　 废除，取消

　　11. overage destroyer　 旧式驱逐舰

　　12. unprovoked　 无缘无故的，非因触犯而发生的

　　13. Neutrality Acts 　中立法令

　　14. Munich Pact 　慕尼黑公约

　　15. draft act 　征兵法

　　16. Lend Lease Act 　租借法

　　17. Atlantic Charter 　大西洋公约

　　18. Pearl Harbor 　珍珠港

　　答案详解

　　1.A　帝国大厦焚毁，众所周知，这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋，旨在迫害德国共产党。

　　B. 德国征服计划。

　　C. 纳粹之残暴。

　　D. 迫害宗教团体。在文中都提到。见第一段第二句“民主的全面摧毁、对犹太人的迫害、摧残宗教、纳粹的残忍和野蛮，特别是德国及其盟国意、日、征服世界的计划激起美国极大愤怒，也带来了对又一次世界大战的恐惧。”

　　2.B　加强美国国防。见第二段导数第五句“1941年的租借法规定：总统对他认为保卫美国所需要的国家有权卖给、交换或借给他们物资。”

　　A. 帮助英国，不对。

　　C. 促进大西洋公约。大西洋公约是1941年8月，罗斯福和邱吉尔会面后的联合公告。

　　D. 报复珍珠港。是1941年日本发起袭击的报复。

　　3.B　与世隔绝。这在第一段第三句“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶残等事，他们一般还是喜欢孤立(与世隔绝的)政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定：禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”

　　A. 观察的。

　　C. 和平的。

　　D. 不正确的。

　　4.A　允许把武器卖给交战国。答案在第二段第六句“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运，允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”

　　B. 和日本敌对。

　　C. 允许英国只能和其盟国贸易。

　　D. 导致租借条约。

　　5.A　因为德国宣战。这在第一段已有说明。尽管希特勒坏事做尽，美国还是倾向于中立政策。第二段罗斯福在芝加哥的演讲，态度稍有改变。严厉批评希特勒的政策，但仍然以中立为主。1941年日本袭击珍珠港，不久德国宣战，美国才不得不参战。

　　Antarctica and Environment

　　Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station - a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world‘s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere， Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.

　　Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States， Switzerland， and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet - a concern they believe the world at large should share.

　　The Transantarctic Mountain， some of them more than 14，000 feet high， divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain， the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet， but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared， the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.

　　While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments， others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica， valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land， these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9，000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone， perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10，000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges， rippled fields of sand dunes， clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds， and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.

　　Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys， some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.

　　1. What is the best title for this passage?

　　[A]Antarctica and environmental Problems.

　　[B]Antarctica： Earth‘s Early-Warning station.

　　[C]Antarctica： a Unique Observation Post.

　　[D]Antarctica： a Mysterious Place.

　　2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?

　　[A]The western part of the continent would be disappeared.

　　[B]The western part of the continent would be reduced.

　　[C]The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.

　　[D]The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.

　　3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?

　　[A]Vicious wind blasts the snow away.

　　[B]It rarely snows.

　　[C]Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.

　　[D]Sand dunes.

　　4. Which of the following is true?

　　[A]The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.

　　[B]The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.

　　[C]The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.

　　[D]The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. distant-early-warning sensor 　远距离早期报警传感器

　　2. plateau　 高原，高地

　　3. slash 　挥砍

　　4. blast 　一阵疾风/狂风

　　5. vicious 　邪恶的，凶魔般的

　　6. gorge 　峡谷

　　7. ripple 　起伏，使起微波

　　8. sand dune 　沙丘

　　9. verdant 　绿色

　　10. extraterrestrial 　地球之外的

　　11. aura 　气氛

　　难句译注

　　1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.

　　「结构简析」see … as 把……看作。Where定从修饰Antarctic

　　答案详解

　　1. A 　南极洲和环境问题。

　　B. 南极洲：地球最早的报警战。

　　C.南极洲：独一无二的观察哨。

　　D. 南极洲：神秘的地方。三项都是总内容众的组成部分。

　　2. D 　大陆西部成为一群岛屿。第三段“横断南极的山脉， 有的高达一万四千多英尺，把这大陆分成情况各异的两个地区。山脉以东的大陆部分是由差不多两英里厚的冰层覆盖的高原;山脉以西，即美洲以南的半个大陆也为冰层所覆盖。可是，这里冰层覆盖在大大低于海平面的岩石。如果西南极洲冰层消失，那这大陆西部将成为稀疏的岛群。”

　　A. 大陆西部将小时。

　　B. 大陆西部缩小。

　　D. 大陆西部将成为分散的岛屿。

　　3. C 　因为地球变暖和狂风劲吹。在第四段：“……这些干谷甚至在寒冬季节也很少有冰雪。它们插在南维多利亚陆地的山脉中， 一度曾有从极地高原到罗斯海的深度为9000英尺的冰河。现在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一万年间地球变暖的结果。即使落入干谷的雪也被从极地高原咆哮入海的邪恶狂风吹散了。留下来的是*露的壮观的峡谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被时速一百英里的大风雕刻成奇形怪状的大砾石，形成与世隔绝的荒凉景象。”

　　A. 邪恶的狂风吹走了雪。

　　B. 它很少下雪。

　　D. 沙丘。这三项只是干谷现象的一部分。

　　4. C 他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“尽管干谷具有神秘的一面科学家却相信他们可能为地球上葱绿的地方带来了希望的信息。”

　　A.干谷内什么都没有留下。

　　B. 干谷内从没有冰河。

　　D. 按照科学家的看法， 干谷毫无用处。

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