[职称英语综合类b级]2017年职称英语综合类C级概括大意模拟题13

　　Eat to Live(为生而食)
　　A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun—and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.
　　节制饮食可以给你带来健康和长寿，但是不会给人带来快乐——甚至不是必要的。那怕我们直到老年才节制饮食，我们也能够保持年轻的活力。
　　Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.
　　来自美国加州大学河滨分校的史蒂芬和他的同事发现一些年老老鼠仅仅在节制饮食四周后它的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力。对于那些年老的老鼠来说，肝脏基因恢复活力不会逆转老鼠在其他方面的老化，但是能帮助它的肝脏代谢药物或除掉毒素。
　　Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old—equivalent to about 70 human years.
　　史蒂芬的团队一直以正常饮食来喂养三只老鼠，另外的三只老鼠只喂正常饮食的一半。另外的三只老鼠在它们34个月大(折合等于70岁左右的人)的时候进行了为期一个月的从正常饮食减为一半。
　　The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production—probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.
　　研究员从老鼠的肝脏里检查了11000个基因的活动，发现正常饲养的老鼠随着年龄的增长有46条肝脏基因会发生变化，这种变化与炎症和身体组织无限激增相关(对老鼠的健康来说不是好的消息)。一直在节制饮食的老鼠，那46个基因中的27个一直保持着像年轻老鼠一样的基因。但是最惊人的发现是那些在老年才开始节制饮食的老鼠从那些变化基因的70%中获益。
　　“This is the first indication that three effects kick in pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C.
　　来自华盛顿国家衰老研究所的胡贝尔华纳说：“这是第一次表明三种影响很快起作用”。
　　No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. “There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.
　　还没有人知道卡路里进入人体后是否和在老鼠身上的效果一样，但是史蒂芬是抱有希望的。他说：“有证据表明卡路里进入人体后和在老鼠身上的效果一样。”
　　If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.
　　如果把实验结果应用于人体上，可能有助于是肝脏恢复活力。例如，当我们变老后，身体的代谢药物能力下降。史蒂芬说，一个短时间的节制饮食，能确保药物其作用。
　　But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they liv
　　e longer but they're hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say: 'I can only eat half of that'.”
　　但是史蒂芬不能确定这种方式是否值得。他说：“老鼠不容易生病了，他们能活得更长，但是他们是饥饿的。”“即使知道了节制饮食的好处，但是当去到一家饭店还是很难说出“我只能吃一半”的话。” Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.
　　史蒂芬希望不久的将来我们根本就不用节制饮食了。他位于加州的生命遗传学公司正在寻找一种能限制热量的药物。

2017年职称英语综合类C级概括大意模拟题13.doc

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