课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.next to, 挨着。
它既可以表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着:
Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?
开会时坐在你旁边的那人是谁?
There's a field/shop next to our house.
我们家房子边上有一片田野/一个商店。
2.Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人,穿一件紧身的黑衣服。
(1)unsmiling的反义词为smiling(微笑的,喜气洋洋的)。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义:comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的),true(真实的)/untrue(不真实的), interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(无趣味的,乏味的)。
(2)in在这里表示“穿着”、“戴着”:
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
有位穿蓝衣服的小伙子在找您。
3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示“坐下”,比sit要正式:
Please take a seat.
请坐。
take one's seat则表示位置事先已安排好:
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.
大家各自就座后,会议/宴会便开始了。
4.Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子,不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。
(1)fix最常用的意思为“使……固定”、“安装”:
she fixed a handle on the door.
她在门上安了个把手。
fix on的含义之一为“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯着”:
He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.
他的眼睛盯着那本书,但他一个字儿也没看懂。
(2)busy+ doing sth.表示“忙着做某事”, doing前可以加 in,也可以不加:
They are busy (in) repairing the car.
他们正忙着修车。
We're all busy getting ready for the performance.
我们都在忙着为演出进行准备。
5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃点,少说点……
在并列句中,相同的句子成分(如主语、谓语、状语等)通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示,并且它们的长度也差不多,以保持句子的平衡性。在课文中的这句话中ate与talked对应,more与less对应。再如:
You can either go out or stay here.
你出去也行,呆在这里也行。
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想买的东西很多,但他的钱很少。
语法 Grammar in use
第2类条件句
在第16课的语法中,我们学习了第1类条件句,它谈论将有可能发生的事情,并且考虑其将来的真实结果。它的一般形式如下所示:
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
你如果不抓紧时间会误了火车的。(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时)
第2类条件句的形式与第一类不同,if从句中用一般过去时,谈论想像的情况,主句用would +动词原形,推测想像的结果:
If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.
如果明天下雨,我们将呆在家里。
尽管第2类条件句使用过去时,却并非指过去的时间,所以,if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”。
第2类条件句有时可以代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情,但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。试比较:
不过第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情:
If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.
如果我的腿再长一点儿,我就能跑得更快了。
在最后一个例句中,the weather是单数,按语法规则,在正常的陈述句中它后面应为was而不是were。但在第2类条件句中,were比was更为正式,与真实情况的差别也更大:If he were/was ready, I would go.
如果他准备好了,我就去。
if I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议:
If I were you, I'd accept their offer.
如果我是你,我就接受他们的建议。 词汇学习 Word study
1.make vt., vi.
及物动词make的原义为“制造”,但它经常用于一些固定的结构,最常见的为make +(冠词)+名词形式。因名词的不同其含义也稍有不同:
I tried to make conversation.
我试图找个话题。
If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.
如果你愿意,今天早上我来铺床。
Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.
我看书时你(们)别这么吵闹。
He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.
他保证一星期后将书还回来。
If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.
你如果再捣蛋,我就把你送回家。
He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.
他很刻苦,但他进步甚小。
He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.
他挣钱多,花钱也多。
Can you make a speech for our students?
您能为我们的学生演讲一次吗?
I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.
我很遗憾地告诉你,你犯了个大错误。
在表示“下定决心”、“拿定王意”时要用词组make up one's mind:
Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?
你已下定决心要明天早上出发了吗?
2.do vt.
与make一样,完全动词do也可以用于一些固定说法,它的含义比make要更笼统一些:
I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.
我已经尽力而为了,但我考试还是没及格。
After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.
你做完作业后可以看电视。
Would you please do me a favour?
请帮个忙好吗?
I did a few jobs about the house.
我干了点家务活。
I did a lot of work around the house.
我干了许多家务活。
Can you do any more work today?
你今天还能再干点活吗?
We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.
我们得做第10课的第2项和第3项练习。
That shop does very good business.
那家商店的生意很好。
do 还可以与动名词连用:
We did all our shopping yesterday.
我们昨天把东西都买了。
I do a lot of swimming.
我常常游泳。
I did some reading this afternoon.
今天下午我读了点书。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.关键句型练习答案
1 were 2 tries 3 will burn
4 would have to 5 lost 6 do not apologize
7 were 8 won 9 would not be
10 could
2.难点练习答案
1 made… do 2 does… makes
3 doing…making 4 made…did
3.多项选择题答案
1 c 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 a
7 c 8 b 9 b 10 b 11b 12 d
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