2016年公共英语五级考试全真模拟试题六

Part A

　　You will hear a talk.As you listen.answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False.You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.

　　1、听录音：

　　点击播放

　　回答1-10题：

　　The speech is mainly about the organization of the company.

　　TRUE/FALSE

　　2、 People like the changes in the organization of the company.TRUE/FALSE

　　3、 All directors on the Board are full-time employees in the company. TRUE /FALSE

　　4、 The job of the Board of Directors is to administrate the company.TRUE/FALSE

　　5、 The chairman of the Board is appointed by the Board. TRUE/FALSE

　　6、 MD refers to "a doctor of medicine". TRUE ! FALSE

　　7、 MD is the absolute head of the company. TRUE/FALSE

　　8、 MD decides company's policies and carries them out.TRUE/FALSE

　　9、 MD has six departmental managers at the moment.TRUE/FALSE

　　10、 The speaker will introduce six departmental managers one by one TRUE/FALSE

　　Part B

　　You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A，B，C or D.You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.

　　11、听录音，回答以下问题。

　　What does the man do?

　　A.A taxi-driver.

　　B.A bus trivet.

　　C.A policeman.

　　D.A tour st guide.

　　12、 What does he like about his job?

　　A.Money.

　　B.Freedom.

　　C.Knowing different people.

　　D.Traveling a lot.

　　13、Those who visit London will certainly go to

　　A.the Tower of London

　　B.Harrods

　　C.Buckingham Palace

　　D.The Greenwich village

　　14、听录音，回答以下问题。

　　According to the speaker, what are convenience goods?

　　A.Commodities that people are in constant need of.

　　B.Goods that are convenient to use or purchase.

　　C.Items that people tend to buy under impulse.

　　D.Items that have to be bought once a week.

　　15、 What are the shopping goods that are basically considered the same.'?

　　A.Those that satisfy similar needs of the consumer.

　　B.Those that consumers don't care where to buy.

　　C.Those that consumers spend much time looking for.

　　D.Those that can be found everywhere.

　　16、 What is the characteristic of specialty goods?

　　A.They are goods that can be bought at a special price.

　　B.They are special kinds of products.

　　C.They are characterized in their brands.

　　D.They need special efforts to get.

　　17、听录音，回答以下问题。

　　Where can the expression "lame duck" be heard?

　　A.Only among hunters.

　　B.Among primary school pupils.

　　C.Among beautiful ladies.

　　D.Among people who are discussing politics.

　　18、 Which of the following can be called as a "lame duck" ?

　　A.A disabled little child.

　　B.A hard-working farmer.

　　C.A politician who has to come to the end of his power.

　　D.An absent-minded old professor.

　　19、 When did this expression come into the American Language?

　　A.Some time after the Civil War.

　　B.During the Second World War.

　　C.When president George Bush was in office.

　　D.During the period of Independence War.

　　20、 According to another explanation, where did this expression probably come from?

　　A.Australia.

　　B.Japan.

　　C.Netherland.

　　D.England.

　　Part C

　　you will hear a talk.As you listen.you must answer Questions 21-30 by writing by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in'he space provided on the right.You will hear the talk TWICE.

　　21、听录音，回答以下问题。

　　What is your responsibility when you, as a school principal, get the teacher's report?

　　22、 How many reactions could you have towards the teacher's report?

　　23、 How many psychologists are mentioned in the talk?

　　24、 Their scheme is based on the premise that all people have a basic way of__________

　　25、 Dr. Mann is now in Cambridge, writing a book on the __________

　　26、 They started working in 1968 based on the observation made by Jung, the founder of__________

　　27、 How many psychological types of people are there according to Jung's ideas?

　　28、 The past-oriented people tend to look at the world in a __________

　　29、 The past-oriented people are flexible in __________

　　30、 What is the passage mainly talking about?

　　Section II Use of English (15 minutes)

　　31、回答31-50题：

　　Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from (31) ________ praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, ( 32 ) __________research the relation ( 33 ) __________actions and their conse-quences argue thaT rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain (34) __________rewards often destroy creativity ( 35 ) __________ encouraging depend-ence (36) __________approval and gifts from others.

　　The latter view has gained many supporters, especially (37) __________educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks (38) __________in grade-school children, suggesting (39) __________properly presented in-ducements indeed aid inventiveness, (40) __________to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy.

　　"If kids know they're working for a (41) __________and can focus (42) __________ a relatively challenging task,they show the most creativity", says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy tokill creativity by giving rewards for (43) __________ performance or creating too (44) __________anticipation for re-wards. "A teacher (45) __________ continually draws attention to rewards or who hands (46)high grades for　ordinary achievement ends up (47)__________discouraged students, Eisenherger holds. (48) __________an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing(49) __________In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in (50)　__________students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Del-aware psychologist claims.

　　Section III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes) 其中，第66-70题，每题2分。

　　51、回答51-80题：

　　Text 1

　　Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to make ways of sharing the available employment more widely.

　　But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions about the future of work. Would we continue to treat employment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer?

　　Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?

　　The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better fu-ture for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.

　　Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the ]7th and 18th centuries made many people depend-ent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.

　　Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transpor-tation improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment un-til, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived.

　　Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still as-sume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.

　　It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.

　　All this may now have to change. The lime has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.

　　Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that__________________

　　A.available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population

　　B.new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures

　　C.available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployed

　　D.the nowaday high unemployment figures are a truth of life

　　52、 The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that__________________

　　A.universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperity

　　B.economic freedom came within everyone's control

　　C.patterns of work were fundamentally changed

　　D.people's attitudes to work had to be reversed

　　53、 The enclosures of the ]7th and 18th centuries meant that__________________

　　A.people were no longer legally entitled to own land

　　B.people were driven to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves

　　C.people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their land

　　D.people were badly paid for the work they managed to find

　　54、 The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that__________________

　　A.the household and village community disappeared completely

　　B.men now travelled enormous distances to their places of work

　　C.young and old people became superfluous components of society

　　D.the work status of those not in paid employment suffered

　　55、 The article concludes that__________________

　　A.the creation of jobs for all is an impossibility

　　B.our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficient

　　C.people should begin supporting themselves by learning a practical skill

　　D.we should help those whose jobs are only part-time

　　56、回答56-85题：

　　Text 2

　　Throughout history there have been many unusual taxes levied on such things as hats, Beds, Baths, marriages,and funerals. At one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every household with six or more win-dows. And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each time he dined with one of his subjects. Why? To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth!

　　Different kinds of taxes help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a tax is said to "bear the burden" of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on others. That is why the three levels of government in this country use several kinds of taxes. This spreads the burden of taxes among more people. From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income taxes, property taxes, sales taxes, and estate, inher-itance, and gift taxes. Some are used by only one level of government; others by two or even all three levels.

　　Together these different taxes make up what is called our tax system.

　　Income taxes are the main source of federal revenues. The federal government gets more than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxes. As its name indicated, an income tax is a tax on earnings. Both individuals and busi-ness corporations pay a federal income tax.

　　The oldest tax in the United States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for.local govern-ments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is not used by the federal government.

　　A sales tax is a tax levied on purchases. Most people living in the United States know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are several kinds of sales taxes, But only three of them are impor-tant. They are general sales taxes, excise taxes, and import taxes.

　　Other three closely related taxes are estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Everything a person owns, including both real and personal property, makes up his or her estate. When someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals or organizations. Before the property is transferred, however, it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount.

　　The reason that the Turkish ruler collected a dining tax is to pay for__________________

　　A.the inconvenience for him to put on and take off clothes

　　B.the damage that eating did to his teeth

　　C.his efforts to cut the food into pieces

　　D.the decay of his teeth because of sugar

　　57、 The government levies different kinds of taxes so that__________________

　　A.the rich have to pay more and the poor less

　　B.a wider range of taxpayers can he included

　　C.each of three levels of government could get tax money

　　D.the burden of taxes falls evenly on everybody

　　58、 The federal government gets most of theft income from__________________

　　A.property tax

　　B.income tax

　　C.sales tax

　　D.estate tax

　　59、 How many states levy import taxes in the U. S. A. ?

　　A.4.

　　B.50.

　　C.46

　　D.54.

　　60、 Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A.Any form of property is subject to an estate tax when transferred.

　　B.Property tax provides a part of income for local government.

　　C.There are a few kinds of sales taxes.

　　D.Individuals and corporations both pay income taxes.

　　61、回答61-90题：

　　Text 3

　　World leaders met recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earth's life-support systems. In fact, this meeting had much the flavour of the original Earth Summit. To wit: empty promises, hollow rhetoric, Bickering between rich and poor, and irrelevant initia-fives. Think U. S. Congress in slow motion.

　　Almost obscured by this torpor is the fact that there has been some remarkable progress over the past five years-real changes in the attitude of ordinary people in the Third World toward family size and a dawning realisati-on that environmental degradation and their own well-being are intimately, and inversely, linked. Almost none of this, however, has anything to do with what the bureaucrats accompfished in Rio.

　　Or it didn't accomplish. One item on the agenda at Rio, for example, was a renewed effort to save tropical for-ests. (A previous UN-sponsored initiative had fallen apart when it became clear that it actually hastened deforesta-tion. )After Rio, a UN working group came up with more than 100 recommeodations that have so far gone no-where. One proposed forestry pact would do little more than immunizing wood-exporting nations against trade sanc-tions.

　　An effort to draft an agreement on what to do about the climate changes caused by CO2 and other greenhouse gases has fared even worse. Blocked by the Bush Administration from setting mandatory limits, the UN in 1992called on nations to voluntarily reduce emissions to 1990 levels. Several years later, it's as if Rio had never hap-pened. A new climate treaty is scheduled to be signed this December in Kyoto, Japan, But governments still cannot agree on these limits. Meanwhile, the U. S. produces 7% more CO2 than it did in 1990, and emissions in the de-veloping world have risen even more sharply. No one would confuse the "Rio process" with progress.

　　While governments have dithered at a pace that could make drifting continents impatient, people have acted.

　　Birth-rates are dropping faster than expected, not because of Rio but because poor people are deciding on their own to reduce family size. Another positive development has been a growing environmental consciousness among the poor. From slum dwellers in Karachi, Pakistan, to colonists in Rondonia, Brazil, urban poor and rural peasants a-like seem tO realize that they pay the biggest price for pollution and deforestation. There is cause for hope as well in the growing recognition among business people that it is not in their long-term interest to fight environmental re-forms. John Browne, chief executive of British Petroleum, Boldly asserted in a major speech in May that the threat of climate change could no longer be ignored.

　　The writer's general attitude towards the world leaders meeting at the UN is __________________

　　A.supportive

　　B.impartial

　　C.critical

　　D.comedic

　　62、 What does the author say about the ordinary people in the Third World countries?

　　A.They are beginning to realize the importance of environmental protection.

　　B.They believe that many children are necessary for prosperity.

　　C.They are reluctant to accept advice from the government.

　　D.They think that earning a living is more important than nature conservation.

　　63、 What did the UN call on nations to do about CO2 and other greenhouse gases in 1992?

　　A.To sign a new climate treaty at Rio.

　　B.To draft an agreement among UN nations.

　　C.To force the United Sates to reduce its emissions.

　　D.To limit the release of CO2 and other gases.

　　64、 The word" deforestation" in Paragraph 3 means__________________

　　A.forest damage caused by pollution

　　B.moving population from forest to cities

　　C.the threat of climate change

　　D.cutting large areas of trees

　　65、 Which of the following best summarizes the text?

　　A.As the UN hesitates, the poor take action.

　　B.Progress in environmental protection has been made since the Rio Summit.

　　C.Climate changes can no longer be neglected.

　　D.The decline of earth's life-support systems has been halted.

　　66、回答66-95题：

　　Supermarket shoppers have never been more spoilt for choice. But just when we thought traditional systems of selective farming had created the most tempting array of foods money can buy, we are now being presented with the prospect of genetically created strains of cabbages, onion, tomato, potato and apple.

　　It may not tickle the fancy of food purists but it fires the imagination of scientists. Last week they discovered that the classic Parisian mushroom contains just the properties that, when genetically mixed with a wild strain of mushroom from the Sonora desert in California, could help it grow en masse while at the same time providing it with the resilience of the wild strain.

　　66.___________

　　"We have found a way of increasing the success rate from one to 90 per cent. "

　　This is just one of the many products that, according to skeptics, are creating a generation of "Frankenfoods".

　　The first such food that may be consumed on a wide scale is a tomato which has been genetically manipulated so that it does not soften as it ripens.

　　67.___________

　　Critics say that the new tomato--which cost $ 25 million to research--is designed to stay on supermarket shelves for longer. It has a ten-day life span.

　　Not surprisingly, every-hungry US is leading the search for these forbidden fruit. By changing the genes of a grapefruit, a grower from Texas has created a sweet, red, thin-skinned grapefruit expected to sell at a premium overits California and Florida competitors.

　　For chip fanatics who want to watch their waist-lines, new high-starch, low-moisture potatoes that absorb less fat when fried have been created, thanks to a gene from intestinal bacteria.

　　The scientists behind such new food argue that genetic engineering is simply an extension of animal and plant breed-ing methods and that by broadening the scope of the genetic changes that can be made, sources of food are increased. Ac-cordingly, they argue, this does not inherently lead to foods that are less safe than those developed by conventional tech-niques. But if desirable genes are swapped irrespective of species barriers, could things spiral out of control? "Knowledge is not toxic, "said Mark Cantley, head of the biotechnology unit at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and De-velopment, "It has given us a far greater understanding of how living systems work at a molecular level and there is no reason for people to think that scientists and farmers should use that knowledge to do risky things. "

　　Clearly, financial incentive lies behind the development of these bigger, more productive foods. But we may have only ourselves to blame. In the early period of mass food commerce, food varieties were developed by tradi-tional methods of selective breeding to suit the local palate. But as suppliers started to select and preserve plant vari-ants that had larger fruit, consumer expectations rose, leading to the development of the desirable clones. Still, tra-ditionalists and gourmets in Europe are fighting their development.

　　68.___________

　　Even in the pre-packaged US, where the slow-softening tomato will soon be reaching supermarkets, 1, 500 A-merican chefs have lent their support to the Pure Food Campaign which calls for the international boycott of geneti-cally engineered foods until more is known about the consequences of the technology and reliable controls have been introduced.

　　In the short term, much of the technology remains untested and in the long term the consequences for human bi-ology are unknown. Questions have arisen over whether new proteins in genetically modified food could cause aller-gies in some people.

　　69.___________

　　Then there are the vegetarians who may be consuming animal non-vegetable proteins in what they think is acommon tomato, or the practicing Jew who unknowingly consumes a fruit that has been enhanced with a pig's gene.As yet, producers are under no obligation to label "transgeneie" products.

　　Environmentalists worry that new, genetically engineered plants may damage natural environment. A genetical-ly engineered pest-resistant strain of plant that contacts with a native strain, for example, could turn them into viru-lent weeds beyond chemical control.

　　Animal welfare groups worry about the quality of life of farm animals manipulated so that they produce more meat, milk, and eggs but which may suffer physical damage in the process.

　　70.___________

　　Many of these fears spring from ignorance. And although it is hard to separate the paranoia from the benefits,the fact remains that genetic engineering offers ways of solving serious medical and agricultural problems.

　　___________

　　A.Western farmers have already bred cattle with more muscle than a skeleton can carry.

　　B.Supporters say the tomato, unsurprisingly called Flavr Savr, will taste better because it will he able to ma-ture on the branch longer.

　　C.Consumer opposition means that there are genetically manipulated foods on the German markets, and the Norwegian government has recently put research into genetically engineered foods on hold.

　　D.For example, if a corn gene is introduced into a wheat gene for pest resistance, will those who are allergic to corn then he allergic to wheat?

　　E."Mushrooms in the past were almost impossible to cross, "says Philippe Callae, one of the three scientists working on the mushroom.

　　F.Genetic engineering will interfere with the balance of nature.

　　71、A.Washington D. C.

　　Washington, the capital of the United States, is in Washington D. C. and is situated on the Potomac River between the two states of Maryland and Virginia. The population of the city is about 800,000 and it covers an area of over 69 square miles ( including 8 square miles of water surface). The section was named the District of Co-lumbia after Christopher Columbus, who discovered the continent. The city itself was named Washington after George Washington, the first president of U. S. A.

　　The building of the city was accomplished in 1800 and since that year, it has served as the capital of the coun-try. Thomas Jefferson was the first president inaugurated there. In the War of 1812, the Britain army seized the city, burning the White House and many other buildings.

　　Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system: Congress, the Supreme Court and the Presidency.

　　Apart from the government buildings, there are also some other places of interest such as the Washington Mon-ument, the Lincoln Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial, the Literary of the Congress and Mt. Vernon, home of George Washington.

　　B.New York City

　　New York

　　City, located in New York State, is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. The city of New York has. a popuiation of over 7 million ( 1970 ) and Metropolitan, 12 million.

　　The city with its good harbor was discovered as early as 1524, and it was established by Dutch who named the city New Amsterdam. In 1664, the city was taken by the English and it got the name New York as it bears now.During the American Revolution in 1776, George Washington had his head-quarters for a time in New York City.The Declaration of Independence was fn'st read there in July 4th, 1776. The city remained the nation' s capital until 1790.

　　New York became an important port early in the last century. A large portion of the national exports passed through New York Harbor. New York has become one of the world' s busiest ports and also the financial, manufac-turing, and travel center of the country. Some of the places of interest in the city are: the State of Liberty (152 me-ters high) which was given by the French people to the American people as a gift in 1877. It was erected on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbor. Broadway, Wall Street and Fifth Avenue are a few of New York' s most famous streets. Wall Street, where many famous banks are centered, is the financial center of America and has be-come a symbol of the American monopoly capitalism. Fifth Avenue is the street with famous stores and shops. Time Square is in the center of New York City, at Broadway and 42nd Street. Greenwich Village is an art center. Many American artists and writers have lived and worked there. The group of the third largest city buildings of the United Nations stands along the East River at the end of the 42nd Street.

　　C.Chicago

　　Chicago, the second largest city in population in the United States, lies on the southwestern shore of the Lake Michigan at a point where the Chicago River enters the lake.

　　The city is now the largest industrial city in the country. Both heavy and light industries are highly developed,particularly the former. Black metallurgical industry and meat processing are assumed to be the head in the U. S.A.It is now considered the center of industry, transportation, commerce and finance in the mid-west area.

　　The working class in Chicago has a glorious revolutionary tradition. On May 1st, 1886, thousands upon thou-sands of workers in the city and the country went on strike for the eight-hour workday and succeeded. Since 1890,May 1 st has been observed every year as an International Labor Day.

　　On March 8th, 1909, women workers in Chicago held a big strike for freedom and equal fights with men and since 1910, March 8th has been celebrated each year as an International Working Women' s Day.

　　D.Los Angeles

　　Los Angeles is situated near the Pacific coast in California. It is an important center of shipping, indus-try and communication.

　　The city was first founded by a Spanish explorer in 1542 and turned over to the US in 1846.

　　The city leads the country in the manufacture of aircraft and spare parts and the area has become an aviation center. California is a leading state in the production of electronic products and the area of Los Angeles has grown into an important electronic center.

　　Since the first American movie was made in Los Angeles in 1908, the city has remained the film center of the United States. Hollywood, the base of the film industry in the city, is a world famous film producing center.

　　根据以上材料，回答71-100题。

　　is the headquarter of the Supreme Court?

　　___________

　　72、 was discovered as early as l524?

　　___________

　　73、 has served as the capital of the country?

　　__________

　　74、 is now the largest industrial city in the country?

　　__________

　　75、 leads the country in the manufacture of aircraft and spare parts?

　　__________

　　76、 is the largest city?

　　__________

　　77、 is the second largest city in population in U.S.A.?

　　__________

　　78、 has become one of the world’S busiest ports?

　　__________

　　79、 covers all area of over 69 square miles?

　　__________

　　80、 is now considered the center of industry，transportation，cortuneliv.e and finance in the mid。west area?

　　__________

　　Section Ⅳ Writing (40 minutes)

　　81、 With the,widespread computers, there is an increase in the number of people making use of lnternet. Some peo-ple believe that Internet will bring great benefits to people while others think Internet may cause depression.

　　Write an article about it to clarify your own points of view towards this issue.

　　You should write no less than 250 words.

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