新概念英语第二册精讲笔记:新概念英语第二册笔记新版:第21课

Lesson 21 Mad or not?

【New words and expressions】（4）
mad adj. 发疯
reason n. 原因
sum n. 量
determined adj. 坚定的，下决心的

★mad adj. 发疯
sb. is mad
“为……而疯狂（着迷）”的表示方法：
be mad about…
I'm mad about English.
be crazy about…
go insane （insane [in5sein] adj. 患精神病的，精神病患者的，极愚蠢的）
I slowly go insane/go crazy/go mad/go bananas.
go bananas （go+adj.　变得……)
They are going bananas. =go crazy=go mad (变疯了)

★reason n. 原因
for this reason 由于这个理由、原因
For this reason,I was late.
as+句子 由于……
because+句子 由于……

★sum [sQm] n. 量
a sum of +不可数名词　 一笔……
a large sum of　 大笔的…… (large 指数量的大)
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
a great many + 可数名词复数
a great number of + 可数名词复数
plenty of… 足够多的……

★determined adj. 坚定的, 下决心的
be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
make up one's mind 下定决心
decide to do sth. 决定做……
make a decision to do sth. 决定做……
determine [di5tE:min] v.下定决心


【Text】
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.

参考译文
飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯. 我住在一个机场附近, 过往飞机日夜不绝于耳. 机场是许多年前建的, 但由于某种原因当时未能启用. 然而去年机场开始使用了. 有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去, 我是少数留下来的人中的一个. 有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒. 他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走, 但我决定留在这儿. 大家都说我肯定是疯了, 也许他们说的是对的.

【课文讲解】
1、Mad or not? = mad or not mad?
or not 在疑问词的后面，表示“是还不是”，选择概念

2、Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.
drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯
You are driving me mad.
The teacher is slowly driving me mad.

3、I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
night and day [naItAndei] 日日夜夜，夜以继日 (注意连读)
passing planes 过往飞机（passing是现在分词，作定语，起形容词作用，修饰planes，“经过的(路过)，过往的”）
He forgot the man with passing time. 随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。
sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩
waiting car　 正在等待的车

4、The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.
years前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”years ago = many years ago，weeks等的用法与它相似
I have not seen him for weeks.
some+不可数名词/可数名词复数 一些……
some+可数名词单数 某一……
for some reason　由于某个理由
I’ll tell you someday.
We’ll talk about it some other time. 我们改日再谈这件事。

5、Last year, however, it came into use.
however 然而（用于句首, 句中, 用逗号隔开）
use
① [ju:s] n. 使用
come into use 启用，开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）
When did the train come into use?
The road came into use last month.
② [ju:z] vt. 使用
be used 　被使用（被动）

6、Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
over a hundred… 一百多……
must have been done　过去发生, 表示推测，被动
away from 从某地离开（away 离开某地）
out of somewhere 从某地出来

7、I am one of the few people left.
one of… ……之一(表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数)
One of the girls standing over there is Tim’s sister.
You can take one of these bags.
left表示被留下来的，leave　过去分词, left作定语放在被修饰词的后面
left 剩下的……东西，相当于“Who are left (by the others) 其他人走了留下他们”
I have a bag left.
There is ten cents left in my pocket. （cent [sent] n.(货币单位)分, 分币）

8、Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.
knock down　 撞倒
offer [5RfE(r); C:fEr] v. 提供（相当于given）
双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能; 以sb.做主语或以sth.做主语
give sb. sth.——>被动　sb. be given sth.
give sth. to sb.——>被动 sth. be given to sb.
双宾语在变被动时用离动词最近的宾语做主语
原文句型结构 sb. be offered sth.

【Key structures】　
被动语态
被动语态可以和大部分情态动词连用（包括具有情态功能的will和would）。
He may have been told the news.
The shops must have been closed now.
动词+宾语+不定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态，也可以在不定式中用被动语态：
Mary was told to meet us. = They told Mary meet us.
在句型“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中，这两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。但由于间接宾语通常是人，所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些：
Sam was given a gold watch. = A gold watch was given to Sam.

【Special Difficulties】
Drive的用法
① v. 开车, 驾驶 (drove, driven, driving)
drive to…　 开车去往某地
I drove to Tianjing yesterday
② vt. 赶，驱赶，围赶（猎物、敌人等）
drive sb. away from　 把某人赶走
drive sb. out of　 把某人赶出去
During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.
drive sb. back　 撵回去
Our army drove the enemy back.
③ vt. 逼迫，迫使
drive sb. mad 逼疯
The death of all her children has driven her mad.

Home and House
home n. &adv. 家，家庭，家园（着重指所居住的人，常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义，带有感情色彩）
I have a sweet home.
house n. 房子，房屋，住宅（指建筑物）
Tom must be somewhere in the house. 汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。

【Multiple choice questions】
4 It couldn't be used then. It wasn't ___d___ to use it.
a. able b. allowed c. impossible d. possible
it+be动词+形容词+to do（翻译时先译 “to” 后面的句子） ……是……的
be able to强调主语能够做某事, 主语必须是人
it+be动词+表语, be allowed 不能充当表语.
如将 “it” 改为 “people(人)” 就A,B都正确

5 Over a hundred people must have been driven away. ___a___ they were.
a. I think b. I'm sure c. Certain d. Of course
must have been done：对过去的一种被动语态的推测
must have done : 对过去的一种推测
I'm sure 我肯定
I’m sure she is teacher.
I think 我认为
of course 当然 ； certain adj. 当然（词性不对, 句子前不应放形容词）

9 I have been offered a large ___a___ of money.
a. amount b. number c. some d. piece
a large number of +可数名词（不能加不可数名词）
an amount of+不可数 一大笔……
some of/plenty of 前面是不加 “a/an”

10 I am determined to stay here. I ___d___ stay here.
a. am will to b. want to c. may d. am going to
be going to 打算、计划
want to 来自心里的一种想, 喜好，喜欢……

本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/OH7x.html