职称英语综合类a级考试试题:2017年职称英语综合类A级概括大意与完成句子例题精讲3

Optimists Really Do Live Longer，Say Scientists

　　1. For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong，banal and corrupting，while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.

　　2. Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mind set as being beneficial to health. 1 In other words optimists live longer.

　　3. That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s. Of the 729 candidates，200 had died and according to scientists，there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.

　　4. Ten points more on the pessimism scale 一一that was the difference between "slightly pessimistic" and "averagely pessimistic" - were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent， according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of

　　Pennsylvania.

　　5. The study does not say why pessimists die but an order survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the longevity equation.

　　6. The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Ralf Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients. His conclusion : Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counterparts， tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.

　　7. There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health. 3 Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset4 and the effect remains the same.

　　8. Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either. They thus interpret it in a positive way. "Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light，" said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.

　　9 . German science journal Bild der Wissenschaft，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue， commented on "the right attitude" to having a tumor.

　　10. It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.

　　11. Doctors like，however，to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong，who was seriously ill with cancer，but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.

　　12. The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers叫ere deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses. A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.

　　13. The results showed that in the case of people who had satisfactory，long-term relations with friends，neighbors or colleagues，the virus was less likely to trigger a cold. Of people with three or fewer firm relationships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.

　　词汇:

　　banal adj.平庸的，陈腐的 disproportionate adj.不成比例的

　　neurotic adj.神经过敏的 prominent adj.的，杰出的

　　mindset n.思想倾向 sublimate vt.侃升华，理想化

　　boost v.提高，增加 trigger vt.激起，引起

　　注释:

　　1. Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mind set as being beneficial to health.经验表明，看到生活光明的一面确有好处，最近的科学证据也表明积极的思维方式有益健康。

　　2. a key factor in the longevity equation:长寿方程式上的一个关键因素

　　3.There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.有意见认为乐观者并不会变得更健康，而是由于拥有健康他们后来才变成了乐观者。

　　4. at the outset:当初，起先

　　5. Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light. ..:美化事物和否定事物都有助于改变现实，而幻觉却是看到现实最光明一面的方法....

　　6. go some way:有一定帮助。这个词组是仿照"go a long way"的用法，其意为"大有帮助，大有作用"。

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