提问英语语法常见问题-【英语语法】零基础常见问题四篇

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【篇一】名词与to do不定式如何搭配

一、名词与to do的关系

不定式结构与其所修饰的名词之间的关系主要有三种：“主—动”关系、“动—宾”关系和“同位”关系。

1.“主—动”关系：即名词是不定式结构的逻辑主语。

She was the last student to arrive (who arrived). 她是最后一个到的学生。

This is the best book to appear this year ( =that has appeared this year). 这是今年出版的书中的一本。

2.“动—宾”关系：即名词是不定式结构的逻辑宾语。

The little boy has a large family to support (that he must support). 这个小男孩要养活一个大家庭。

This is the best book to read (that we can read). 这是我们能读的的一本书。

3.“同位”关系：即名词与不定式结构是一种同位关系。

Actually, I have no wish to quarrel with you. 事实上，我不想跟你吵。

We have no inclination to spend much time on presents.我们不打算在礼物上花太多时间。

二、to do 还是to be done

作名词修饰语的不定式，既可以采用主动态，也可以采用被动态。

1.用to do：

There is nothing important to do this afternoon. 今天下午没有什么重要的事情做。

They have a lot of cases to investigate. 他们有太多案件要调查。

2.用to be done：

Those cases to be investigated shouldn’t be made public in press. 还未调查的这些案件，不该在媒体上曝光。

The question to be discussed in class may be difficult for students.课上要讨论的这个问题对学生也许太难了。

3.用to do和to be done均可以：

Please give me a list of guests to invite/ to be invited. 请给我一份要邀请客人名单。

There is no time to lose/ to be lost. 没时间可以浪费了。

不定式与名词的搭配，是指不定式作名词的后置修饰语。要根据它们之间“主—动”、“动—宾”和“同位”关系，具体分析句子的用法。同时，to do是用主动语态还是被动语态，也不可一概而论。

【篇二】“名词+to do”与“名词+介词+doing”

我们知道，在英文中，不定式to do 可以作名词的后置修饰语，构成三种搭配关系：主—动关系、动—宾关系和同位关系。其实，作名词的后置修饰语，除了用to do，还可以用“介词+doing”的形式。

一、名词+to do

有些名词，其后的修饰语一般用to do。这些名词有：ability, agreement, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, disposition, mind, obligation, permission, refusal, reluctance, temptation, tendency和wish等。

They have no ability to win the game. 他们没能力赢得这场比赛。

We have signed an agreement to rent the house. 我们已签下了租房协议。

She is under no obligation to buy anything for him. 她没必要给他买东西。

Wood has a tendency to swell if it gets wet. 木材遇潮易胀。

二、名词+介词+doing

有些名词，其后通常接“介词+-ing分词”作后置修饰语，而一般不接to do，例如：aptitude, delay, difficulty, excuse, experience, interest, genius, habit, hope, idea, method, movie, object, passion, plan, possibility, skill和success。

The little boy has a great aptitude for finding something new. 这个小男孩有发现新奇事物的才能。

Miss Yang has much experience in teaching English. 杨老师在英语教学方面经验丰富。

He has little hope of passing the exam. 他没有希望通过考试。

We must improve the method of teaching English. 我们必须改善英语教学的方法。

三、“名词+to do”和“名词+介词+doing”

除了以上两种情况所介绍的名词外，还有一些名词，后面接“名词+to do”和“名词+介词+doing”两种形式皆可以，意义上也无区别。如：attempt, chance, effort, freedom, intention, necessity, opportunity, reason, time和way。

Although they had made an effort to finish the task, they failed at last.

=Although they had made an effort at finishing the task, they failed at last.

尽管他们已尽力完成任务，最终还是失败了。

There is no necessity to buy so many things.

=There is no necessity of buying so many things. 没必要买这么多东西。

I hope that I can have the opportunity to speak to you alone.

=I hope that I can have the opportunity of speaking to you alone.

我希望可以有机会跟你单独聊聊。

【篇三】to do不定式的结构变化

一、“体”的变化

关于“体”，不定式有：一般形式、进行体形式、完成体形式和完成进行体形式。

1. 一般形式to do：I decide to buy that red car. 我决定买那辆红色的车。

一般形式否定not to do：I decide not to buy that red car. 我决定不买那辆红色的车。

2. 进行体形式to be doing：

The little boy seems to be saying something. 这个小男孩似乎在说什么。

进行体形式否定not to be doing：

The little boy seems not to be saying anyhing. 这个小男孩似乎没在说什么。

3. 完成体形式to have done：

I was sorry to have told you that news. 很抱歉告诉你那则消息。

完成体形式否定not to have done：

I was sorry not to have told you that news. 很抱歉没告诉你那则消息。

二、“态”的变化

关于“态”的变化，不定式同样有主动和被动语态之分。不定式的被动语态是由“to be+ed分词”或者“to have been+ed分词”构成。

to be+ed分词：

The problem to be discussed tomorrow is a hard nut. 明天要讨论的问题很棘手。

to have been+ed分词：

She is really pleased to have been given this opportunity. 她很高兴有这次机会。

综上可知，不定式不是只有“to do”这一种结构。由这一结构变化而来的形式，我们也要注意掌握，以便灵活运用。

【篇四】当动词遇上不定式

不定式最重要的一个用法：与动词搭配，构成“动宾”结构。不定式作动词宾语，可分为三种情况，即“动词+to do”、“动词+宾语+to do”和“动词+（宾语）+to do”。

一、动词+to do

英语中，有些动词只能接不定式，构成“动词+to do”结构。这类动词有：agree, aim, apply, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pledge, prepare, pretend, profess, promise, refuse, resolve, seek等等。

We hope to finish this task as soon as possible. 我们希望尽快完成这项任务。

These players desired to win the game. 这些运动员渴望赢得这场比赛。

She refused to come to the party. 她拒绝参加聚会。

二、动词+宾语+to do

有些动词后不能直接加to do，必须先接宾语，再接to do。这类动词有consider, declare, prove, think, believe discover等表示心理状态的动词，其后一般用to be 形式。

I believe my friend to be reliable. 我相信我朋友是值得信赖的。

We all consider him to be a good teacher. 我们一致认为他是一位好老师。

They have proved him to be wrong.他们已经证明他是错的。

三、动词+（宾语）+to do

有些动词后面，既可以直接带不定式，也可以带宾语+不定式，例如ask, can’t bear, hate, intend, like, prefer等。

She asked to give these children more presents. 她要求给孩子们更多的礼物。

She asked me to give these children more presents. 她要求我给孩子们更多的礼物。

The teacher intends to give more time. 老师打算给更多时间。

The teacher intends students to give more time. 老师打算让孩子们多给一些时间。

注：这一类动词，同样可以用于that-分句，例如：

She asked that I should give these children more presents. 她要求我给孩子们更多的礼物。

The teacher intends that students should give more time. 老师打算让孩子们多给一些时间。

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