2016六级语法复习:形容词、副词及其比较级
1.形容词的句法功能
形容词在句中做定语、表语和主语。考生应注意:
(1)以 “a” 开头的形容词如alone, alike, asleep, awake等不能做前臵定语,可做表语或后臵定语。
(2)某些以副词词缀 “-ly” 结尾的词是形容词,如friendly, leisurely, lovely等。
(3)下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语:remain, keep, become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。
2.考比较级时,考生应把握
(1)形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词对应出现,即是否符合原级比较及比较级的结构。如:
On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.
(2)比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念。如:
Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.
(3)比较级的修饰语如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather,还有表示倍数比较的词等,他们的位臵是:修饰语+as…as…, 或修饰语+more…than…。如:
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.
(4)下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念:
inferior,minor,senior,prior,prefer to,superior,major,junior,preferable,differ from,compared with,in comparison with,different from,rather than。如:
Their watch is superior to all the other watches on the market.
3.级形式应注意的问题
比较级形式表示级意义时,比较对象的范围应用: any other +单数名词 the other +复数名词 the others、 anyone/anything else
上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成级意义的关键词语,切不可遗漏,否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。如不能说:John runs faster than anyone.注意与汉语表达的不同。
4.有关比较级的特殊句型
(1)not so much…as…与其说……不如说……
The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.
(2)no/not any more…than…两者一样都不……
There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.
(3)no /not any less…than…两者一样都……
She is no less beautiful than her sister.
(4)just as…so….正如……,……也……(用倒装结构)
Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so is the atmosphere.
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