[卫生类职称英语考试]2017年职称英语考试：卫生B模拟试题（4）

　　A Gay(n. 同性恋) Biologist(n. 生物学家)

　　Molecular biologist Dean Hammer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly gay.

　　What is it that makes Hammer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyone’s personality? Hammer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hammer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.

　　That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hammer’s creative new book, Living with Our Genes. “you have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality.” Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet.”

　　Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation.

　　Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. “Frankly, I was bored, ”he remembers, “and ready for something new.”

　　Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. “Im gay,” Hamer says with a shrug, “but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity—and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research”

　　31 The first paragraph describes Hamer’s

　　A looks, hobbies and character.

　　B viewpoint on homosexuality.

　　C unique life-style.

　　D scientific research work.

　　32 Hamer was a

　　A psychiatrist.

　　B physiologist.

　　C chemist.

　　D biologist.

　　33 What is Hamer doing now?

　　A He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one’s intelligence.

　　B He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one’s personality.

　　C He is writing a book entitled “Live with Our Genes.”

　　D He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper.

　　34 What happened to Hamer’s research interest?

　　A He turned to basic research.

　　B He sticked to basic research.

　　C He turned to behavioral genetics.

　　D He sticked to behavioral genetics.

　　35 According to Hamer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subject?

　　A He is a gay and he wants to cure himself.

　　B He was curious about it as a scientist.

　　C He was curious about it like everyone else.

　　D It is a subject that can lead to political success.

　　第二篇

　　Silent and Deadly

　　Transient ischemic attacks(TIAS), or mini-strokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present symptoms lasting anywhere from a few seconds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause permanent neurological damage, but they are often precursors of a major stroke.
　“Our message is quite clear,” says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia in August. “TIAS，while less severe than strokes in the short term, are quite dangerous and need a quick diagnosis and treatment as well as appropriate follow-up to prevent future injury.”

　　Unfortunately, mini-strokes are greatly under diagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5% of all adults aged 18 or older(about 4.9 million people in the U. S. )have experienced a confirmed TI A. An additional 1.2 million Americans over the age of 45, the study showed, have most likely suffered a mini-stroke without realizing it. These findings suggest that if the public knew how to spot the symptoms of stroke, especially mini-strokes, and sought prompt medical treatment, thousands of lives could be saved and major disability could be avoided.

　　The problem is that the symptoms of a mini-stroke are often subtle and passing. Nonetheless, there are signs you can look out for:

　　*Numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.

　　*Trouble seeing in one or both eyes.

　　*Confusion and difficulty speaking or understanding.

　　*Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of coordination.

　　*Severe headache with no known cause.

　　Along with these symptoms, researchers have identified some key indicators that increase your chances of having a full-blown stroke after a TIA: if you’re over 60, have experienced symptoms lasting longer than 10 minutes, feel weak and have a history of diabetes.

　　As with many diseases, you can help yourself by changing your lifestyle. The first things you should do are quit smoking, limit your intake of alcohol to no more than a drink or two a day and increase your physical activity. Even those who suffer from high blood pressure or diabetes can improve their odds—and minimize complications if they do have a stroke—by keeping their illness under control.

　　If you experience any of the symptoms, your first call should be to your doctor. It could be the call that saves your life.

　　36 Which of the following is NOT true of mini-strokes?

　　A The cause of them remains unidentified.

　　B They seldom cause permanent neurological damage.

　　C They symptoms of them are often passing.

　　D They are not unrelated to major strokes.

　　37 To prevent mini-strokes from turning into major strokes, it is important to

　　A save thousands of lives.

　　B avoid major disability.

　　C seek prompt medical treatment.

　　D prevent future injury.

　　38 The passage indicates that the symptoms of mini-strokes

　　A are always easy to spot.

　　B are frequently hard to recognize.

　　C usually last a couple of days.

　　D can by no means be avoided.

　　39 All of the following may be signs of mini-strokes EXCEPT for

　　A trouble seeing in one eye.

　　B numbness in the face.

　　C loss of coordination.

　　D severe headache caused by external injury.

　　40 It can be inferred from the passage that mini-strokes are

　　A more dangerous than major strokes.

　　B silent and deadly.

　　C difficult to cure.

　　D sure to lead to major strokes.

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