2018考研英语一真题,2018考研英语：以真题为例谈翻译的3个基本步骤

一、化整为零——划分结构，理清句式

　　二、各个击破——转换词义，组织语言

　　三、整合提升——语序调整，润色文字

　　我们以2008年46题为例：

　　He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

　　一、【化整为零】

　　He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage //of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, //and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

　　(1)本句的主语为he，谓语为believes，宾语为that引导的宾语从句。

　　(2) 介词短语of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence作定语修饰compensating advantage。其中about every sentence作状语修饰think。

　　(3) 介词短语enabling him to detect errors跟前面的forcing him to think long and intently为并列关系，都是介词of的宾语。

　　(4) 介词短语in reasoning和in his own observations皆为状语修饰detect。

　　二、【各个击破】

　　1.词的考点和翻译：

　　this very difficulty中very表示强调，指“正是，就是”

　　compensating advantage抵偿性的优势，补偿性的优势，具有补偿作用的好处

　　intently专心地，认真地

　　enable...to...使能够

　　detect errors发现错误，察觉错误

　　reasoning推理，推论，推理过程中

　　2.句的考点和翻译：

　　(1) that宾语从句无须调整顺序，可直接翻译。

　　(2) 介词短语of forcing...and thus enabling...都属于本句中advantage所指的具体内容，作用类似于英文中的同位语成分，鉴于汉语后重心的特点，可以先把这一部分具体内容翻译出来，最后再翻译概括性的内容advantage。建议考生关注下中英文差异中的英语前重心、汉语后重心这一特点。

　　(3) 介词短语in reasoning and in his own observations作定语修饰errors，翻译时按照汉语习惯将其前置到errors之前翻译。

　　三、【整合提升】

　　他认为或许正因为(语言表达上的)这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。

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