2017职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解试题4,2017职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解试题6

Know Just How You Feel

　　Do you feel Sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart.

　　Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. ________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expression of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. ________(47) The mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record' of these expressions.

　　The project was conducted by a C ambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion".________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced t0 412, from"afraid" to"wanting".

　　Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone's face."It was really clear when the actors had got it right, " says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. " Although they were given some direction," says Ms Collis, "the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. _________(50) " For example, when someone feels contempt you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.

　　Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called"action units". These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattem of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.

　　A. He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone, from any culture.

　　B. Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.

　　C. Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.

　　D. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" or "he looks" or "she sounds".

　　E. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.

　　F. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.

　　参考答案：

　　46.A[解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上句是说"达尔文将情绪分为6种类型--愤怒，害怕，悲伤，厌恶，惊奇和欣赏。"下句肯定是于此相关的，A项里的he指代的就是达尔文，因此只能选A。

　　47.C [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。前面讲了对人的感情表达上的研究，后面就要提到在这一领域其他方面的研究。

　　48.D [解析]本句之前提到了教授和他的研究团队为"情感"下定义，根据上下文的意思，推断此句应为情感的具体定义。这里只有D项符合题意。

　　49.B [解析]后面一句是对这一句的解释，讲的是从人脸上辨认情绪要比从语言描述中辨认更容易，因此只有B项合适。

　　50.F[解析]前面讲的是虽然演员们会接受某些指导，但是不会确切去指示他们动哪里的面部肌肉。与此相关的仅有F选项。

　　参考译文

　　知道你是如何想的

　　你感到悲伤吗?还是幸福?或者愤怒呢?也许你认为自己表现这些感情的方式是独一无二的。好，再想想。根据一个读懂思维仪器，即可展现每一种可能的人类情感的DVD，就算是最个人的情感表情也可以被归类。它展示了412种我们感觉到的不同方式：是第一部人类内心的视觉词典。

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