If引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句

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If引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句

重点、难点

1. 含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中主从句的时态; 2. If引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的区别; 考情分析

通常在单项选择、完形填空或补全、完成句子等题型中考,分值约34; 知识讲解 一、 IF宾语从句

if引导的宾语从句 if意思为:是否,从句的时态通常要和主句保持一致; 例句I want to know if he lives there.

He asked me if I could help him.

考查点ifwhether引导的宾语从句的区别:从含义、连词、语序和时态等方面区分; 1. 含义

ifwhether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if; 例句Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow.

Lucy asked whether / if they had a cotton sweater.

2. 与连词副词关系

ifwhether既不能和that 或其他连词副词同时使用,也不能省略; 例句误 I don’t know that ifwhether he will come here today.

I don’t know ifwhether he will come here today.

He came to see what if whether there was anything wrong with his cat . He came to see if whether there was anything wrong with his cat .

3. 语序

ifwhether引导宾语从句时,虽具有疑问的意义,但其从句应用陈述句的语序; 例句The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the hospital. 4. 时态

ifwhether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致;即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态;主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的任一种时态; 例句I don’t know if whether he has come here.

Tom asked if whether I had read the book. 5. 只能用whether的情况

1 在动词不定式之前只能用whether

例句 I can’t decide whether to stay. 2 whether …or not 的固定搭配中

例句 I want to know whether it’s good news or not. 3 在介词后,只能用whether

例句 His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 4 if会引起歧义时

例句Could you tell me if you know the answer 这句话有两种意思: “你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗 ”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗 ”; 如用whether则可避免歧义;




二、 IF状语从句



if引导的条件状语从句:从含义、时态和用法三个方面来研究; 1. 含义

条件状语从句是在复合句中作条件状语的句子,if作”如果、假如”讲; 例句 You will catch the bus if you get up early. 2. 时态

1主祈从现:主句是祈使句, 从句是由if引导的使用一般现在时的句子;

例句If you want to go, please tell me.

Print the photo if you like it.

2主将从现: if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时;

例句If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.

If you don’t get up early, you will be late for school.

3主情从现

主句一般现在时含情态动词can, may, must等的句子,从句也用一般现在时; 例句 You must see the doctor if you are ill.

3. 用法

1 位置 if引导的条件状语从句,既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后;当从句置于

主句之前时,常用逗号与主句隔开;

例句You will catch the bus if you get up early. =If you get up early, you will catch the bus.

2 if引导的条件状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时时,不能使用be going to结构,

而要用will;

例句I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.

3 if引导的条件状语从句中不能使用some,而要用any;

例句If you have any questions to ask, please come to my office.

4 同义句转换,if引导的条件状语从句可转换成简单句,其方法如下: “祈使句+and/

or+简单句”结构;其中and表示句意顺承,or表示句意转折;

例句If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam. =Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam. If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=Hurry up, or you’ll be late.


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