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1. System software enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. 2. Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. 3. Searching for information has never been more convenient. 4. Search engines are specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the web and the Internet. 5. Ribbons replace menus and toolbars by organizing commonly used commands into a set of tabs. 6. Some applications support speech recognition ,the ability to accept voice input to select menu options and dictate text. 7. Bitmap images ,also known as raster images ,use thousands of dots or pixels to represent images . 8. image editors ,also known as photo editors ,are specialized graphics programs for editing or modifying digital photographs. 9. Connecting lines called bus lines provide pathways that support communication among the various electronic components that are either located on the system board or attached to the system board. 10. In a microcomputer system ,the central processing unit (CPU) or processor is contained on a single chip called the microprocessor. 11. Device drivers are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system. 12. Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process. 13. Flexible keyboards------fold or roll up for easy packing or storage .They are designed to provide mobile users with a full –sized keyboard with minimal storage requirements. 14. Traditional keyboards----full-size ,rigid ,rectangular keyboards that include function, navigational, and numeric keys. 15. Tracks are rings of concentric circles without visible grooves .Each track is divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called sectors. 16. E-mail------provides a fast ,efficient alternative to traditional mail by sending and receiving electronic documents. 17.Instant messaging-----supports direct ,“live”electronic communication between two or more friends or buddies. 18.Internet telephone------provides a very low-cost alternative to long-distance telephone calls using electronic voice delivery. 19.Electronic commerce------buying and selling goods electronically. 20.Privacy concerns the collection and use of data about individuals. 21.Accuracy relates to the responsibility of those who collect data to ensure that the data is correct. 短文 Computer communications is the process of sharing data ,programs ,and information between two or more computers .We have discussed numerous applications that depend on communication systems ,including E-mail------provides a fast ,efficient alternative to traditional mail by sending and receiving electronic documents. Instant messaging-----supports direct ,“live”electronic communication between two or more friends or buddies. Internet telephone------provides a very low-cost alternative to long-distance telephone calls using electronic voice delivery. Electronic commerce------buying and selling goods electronically. In this chapter ,we will focus on the communication systems that support these and many other applications .Connectivity ,the wireless revolution ,and communication systems are key concepts and technologies for the 21st century. Connectivity is a concept related to using computer networks to link people and resources .For example ,connectivity means that you can connect your microcomputer by telephone or other telecommunications links to other computers and information sources almost anywhere . With this connection ,you are linked to the world of larger computers and the internet .This includes minicomputers and mainframes and their extensive information resources .Thus becoming computer competent and knowledgeable becomes a matter of knowing not only about connectivity through networks to micro-computer ,but also about larger computer systems and their information resources . 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/073665ddce2f0066f533223c.html