一)关系代词的用法： 1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句)，又能作宾语(如上b句)。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4. 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. (二)关系副词的用法： 1.when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。 This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. (三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll neve r forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 考点1 祈使句 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 考点2 感叹句 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情 (1)How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序。 How clever a boy he is! (2)How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。 How lovely the baby is! (3)What +名词+陈述语序。 What noise they are making! (4)What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。 What a clever boy he is! (5)What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。 What wonderful ideas(we have)! (6)What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。 What cold weather it is! (7)What a clever boy he is! 其省略形式为What a clever boy! 考点3 否定句 否定句是指否定陈述句的句子。 (1)用not构成的否定句：主语+助动词/ be + not + …。 He is not back yet. We haven’t forgotten you. (2)祈使句的否定句：Don’t+动词原形…。 Don’t worry. I’ll look after you. (3)非谓语动词(不定式，分词，动名词)的否定式：not放在to do; doing的前面。 It’s important not to worry. He said he deeply regretted not being able to help. (4)not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用。 Come early, but not before six. It’s working, but not properly. (5)用no构成否定句：no+名词(单，复数，不可数)相当于not+ a +名词 / not + any +名词。 No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. (6)某些否定副词或代词：seldom， never， hardly， rarely，little， few，none， nowhere，等在句中构成否定句。 I can seldom find time for reading. Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry. neither (7)否定转移：当think， believe， suppose，imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句。 I don’t think she’s at home, but I’ll go and see. (8)否定式疑问句。 Doesn’t she understand? 在否定疑问句中要注意部分否定的结构： Not all…=All…not… ; Not both…=Both…not… ; Not every…=Every…not…。 (9)用否定形式表示肯定的意义。 cannot…too… / cannot… more:越…就越好/再…不过了。 You cannot be too careful. A man can never have too many friends. 要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词，下面中公教育就来给大家介绍下常用的连接词。 1.表示罗列增加 First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing … for another…, On (the) one hand…on the other hand, Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also / especially / In particular 2.表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment，form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during 3.表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover， furthermore, in fact, actually 4.表示转折关系 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all 5.表示并列关系 or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither…nor 6.表示因果关系 because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that 7.表示条件关系 as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 8.表示让步关系 though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom) 9.表示举例 for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example 10.表示比较 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/180b4d1078563c1ec5da50e2524de518964bd39a.html