七年级英语下册语法总结 一、七年级下英语语法——词法 1、名词A、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下： 一在后面加s;如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es;如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三1以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s;如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四以o结尾加s外来词;如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加ess;如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六单复数相同不变的有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七一般只有复数,没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 九合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词;如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数;如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十有的单复数意思不同;如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s;如：Is I’s, Ks K’s;但如是缩略词则只加s;如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式;构成如下： 一单数在后面加’s;如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理;如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节 三由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理;如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间共住一间,Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间各自的房间 2、代词项目 人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称 主格宾格形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下： 一一般在词后加s;如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es;如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三1以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es;如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s;如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四以o结尾加es;如：does, goes五特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下： 一一般在后加ing;如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing;如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing;如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing;如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式;构成如下： 一 一般在词后加er或est如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st;如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger –largest 二以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est;如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est;如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliestmore friendly most friendly, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四特殊情况：两好多坏,一少老远good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 基变序,有规则；一、二、三,自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去; first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、七年级英语语法——句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a This is a book. be动词b He looks very young. 连系动词c I want a sweat like this. 实义动词d I can bring some things to school. 情态动词e There’s a computer on my desk. There be结构否定陈述句 a These aren’t their books. b They don’t look nice.c Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d Kate can’t find her doll.e There isn’t a cat here. =There’s no cat here.2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a Please go and ask the man. b Let’s learn Englishc Come in, please.否定祈使句a Don’t be late. b Don’t hurry.3. 疑问句1 一般疑问句a Is Jim a student b Can I help you c Does she like salad d Do they watch TV e Is she reading 肯定回答: a Yes, he is. b Yes, you can. c Yes, she does. d Yes, they do. e Yes, she is.否定回答: a No, he isn’t. b No, you can’t. c No, she doesn’t. d No, they don’t. e No, she isn’t. 2 选择疑问句Is the table big or small 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3 特殊疑问句 ① 问年龄 How old is Lucy She is twelve. ② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like I like action movies and comedies. ③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle He is well/fine. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/1b39552a551252d380eb6294dd88d0d232d43c40.html