Of Studies Fran cis Bac on 论学习 弗朗西斯培根 王佐良译 Studies serve for delight, for orn ame nt, and 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。 其怡for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in 情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅 彩也，最private ness and retiri ng; for orn ame nt, is in 见于高谈阔论之中；其长才 也，最见于处世discourse; and for ability, is in the judgme nt 判事之际。 and dispositi on of bus in ess. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the gen eral 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别 枝coun sels, and the plots and marshalli ng of 节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好 学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文 采藻饰太盛affairs, come best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies 则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究 故态。 is sloth; to use them too much for orn ame nt, is affectati on; to make judgme nt wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect n ature, and are perfected by 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不 足，experie nee: for n atural abilities are like n 盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然 后知如何atural pla nts, that n eed proyning by study; 修剪移接，而书中所示，如不 以经验范之，and studies themselves do give forth directi 则又大而无当。 ons too much at large, except they be boun ded in by experie nee. 有 技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书， 唯明Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for 智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告 人，用书they teach not their own use; but that is a 之智不在书中，而在书外，全 凭观察得之。 wisdom without them, and above them, won by observatio n. 读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书 上所Read not to con tradict and con fute; nor to 言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推 敲细思。 believe and take for gran ted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and con sider. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须 1咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分 者，有只Some books are to be tasted, others to be 须大体涉猎者，少数则须全 读，读时须全神swallowed, and some few to be chewed 贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦 可请人代读，取其所an( digested; that is, some books are to be 作摘要，但只限题 材较次或价值不高者，否reac only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, 则书经提炼犹 如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。 and with diligenee and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less importa nt argume nts, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like com mon distilled waters, flashy thi ngs. Reading maketh a full man; conference a 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使 ready man; and writ ing an exact man. And 人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄 therefore, if a man write little, he had need 重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所 学，have a great memory; if he confer little, he 皆成性格。 had n eed have a prese nt wit; and if he read little, he had n eed have much cunning, to 人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书 seem to know that he doth not. 使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜 滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸 肺，Histories make men wise; poets witty; the 之运动除之。mathematics subtile; n atural philosophy 慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此 类。deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to 如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演 题需contend. Abeunt studia in morse. 全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如 不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆 吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一 物阐Nay there is no stand or impediment in the 此头wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: 证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如 脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特效可医。 like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowli ng is good for the stone and reins; shoot ing for the lungs and breast; gen tle walk ing for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in dem on strati on s, if his wit be called away n ever so little, he must beg in aga in. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thi ng to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使 人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特 强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书 者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/488f6e0a5cf7ba0d4a7302768e9951e79a896950.html