The Bilingual Brain翻译
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The Bilingual Brain 双语脑 2014年职称英语教材卫生类C级新增文章（直译版 仅供学习） When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea’s a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.1 As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don’t use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. 当卡尔基姆移民美国，从韩国时一个十几岁的少年，他努力学习英语。现在他说得很流利，他有一个独特的机会来看看我们的大脑适应的第二语言。1作为一个研究生，在基姆Joy Hirsch实验室中工作，一个纽约神经学专家。他们的工作有了一个重要的发现。他们发现的证据表明，儿童和成人使用大脑的部位是不一样的，当他们学习第二语言时。 The researchers used an instrument called an MRI2 (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children. The other consisted of people who， like Kim，learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn’t speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. 研究者使用一台仪器称MRI 2（磁共振成像）扫描仪观察两组双语的人的大脑。一组由那些在学第二语言的孩子。另一组像基姆，学会了他们的第二语言在以后的生活中。两组人被置于核磁共振扫描仪。这让基姆和Hirsch看大脑的哪些部分得到更多的血液和更活跃。他们要求来自这两个群体的人想一想他们所做的前一天的事情，先用一种语言，然后用第二种语言。他们不能大声说话，因为任何的移动都会中断扫描。 Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Broca's area3, which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke’s area3, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. But their use of Broca’s area was different. 基姆和Hirsch明确在脑中有两个语言中心，Broca区这被认为是控制语言产生，及Wernicke区，这被认为是语言的过程。基姆博士发现两组人Wernicke区是一样的，无论用什么语言说话时。但是他们Broca区就有不同。 People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca’s area for both their first and second languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca’s area for their second language. How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. 人们学第二语言，在儿童时，是使用相同的区域Broca区为他的第一和第二语言。第二语言学习的人在以后的生活中使用Broca区不同的一部分，为他的第二语言。Hirsch如何解释不同点？ Hirsch认为，当这个语言是第一个语言在年幼的孩子编程，他们的大脑必须把所有语言的声音和结构混合在同一地区的。一旦编程完成，新的语言处理必须存储在大脑的其它区域。 A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class. 第二种可能性是，我们获得是语言不同的，作为孩子和成年人。Hirsch博士认为，母亲教孩子用不同的方法包括触摸，声音说话，和视力。这是与学习语言在高中或大学班级非常不同的。 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/5fae165efad6195f312ba69e.html