议题：对武装冲突中的孩子们的保护
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国家：美利坚合众国 代表：师若文 李笑迎 学校：河南省实验中学 委员会：联合国人权委员会 议题：对武装冲突中的孩子们的保护；儿童兵的解除武装、复员和重返社会 纵观历史，战争使儿童和青年付出了诸多的代价。今天，大约30个国家处在武装冲突之中，儿童和青年遭受了很多痛苦。在战争暴力中，儿童被杀害，被绑架，充当士兵，有人还遭受性虐待。在战争中，他们失去父母，失去学习的机会，被剥夺了人生自由。所以，我们理应让孩子生活在一个安全和平的世界。 为了更好地保护战争中的儿童，1959年11月20日，联合国大会通过了《儿童权利宣言》，明确了各国儿童应当享有的各项基本权利。1978年，联大决定制定一份具有法律效力的《儿童权利公约》。这份公约最终于1989年11月20日通过，是第一部有关保障儿童权利且具有法律约束力的国际性约定。 目前《儿童权利公约》已获得193个国家的批准，是世界上最广为接受的公约之一。2000年５月，联合国大会通过了《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》和《关于贩卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情的任择议定书》，以推动国际社会努力保护儿童、消除日益猖獗的残害儿童犯罪活动。 在对于儿童的保护中，美国做的很好。美国很注重对儿童的保护，美国的各个州都有自己的举报法。当医生、儿童福利局，各类儿童工作者发现美国儿童受到虐待时，会向有关部门进行举报。在美国所有的州，发现了虐待行为却不报告的，会受到罚金刑或短期监禁型的处罚。有报告义务不报告的人还可能承担民事责任，赔偿因为他们不报告而给儿童带来的损失。如果是其父母虐待孩子，儿童福利局的人员会直接将孩子带走，并起诉其父母。儿童福利局是美国一个政府职能部门，在儿童处于危险中时，他们有权迅速采取行动以保护儿童；也可以在儿童被不当对待或忽视但是没有现实危险时，为儿童的利益向法院提起诉讼。 尽管许多国家签署了《儿童权利公约》，然而个别缔约国却违反了其中的一些条款。例如刚果，目前仍发生大规模强奸事件。到目前为止，估计有500名妇女和儿童受到性侵害，而年龄最小的只有7岁。2007年加沙的战乱也导致儿童失去父母，生活没有保障。所以，美国坚决反对儿童兵；强烈要求解除儿童兵武装，使其复员，重返社会；采取有力措施，切实保护武装冲突中儿童的人身权利。 为此，联合国呼吁对在武装冲突中儿童受到伤害的国家以及招募和使用儿童兵的国家进行严厉的惩罚。美国坚决支持联合国的主张。 首先，通过国际合作，禁止以上国家参加相关的国际活动，使其无法获得相应的资源以支持其战争行为。 其次，对于签署了《儿童权利公约》，但又使用儿童兵的缔约国进行财务方面处罚，并将此事进行公开审理。 最后，美国呼吁联合国应在必要时组建武装组织进行干预，以维护儿童权益，当缔约国发生武装冲突时，部队应监督该国对于儿童兵的使用以及保护该国儿童，不让他们卷入战乱之中。当然，最重要的是，应当减少世界中的战乱，因为是战乱使无辜的儿童卷入冲突中。 所以，我们应用正当和平的方式取得更多的效益，绝不让武装冲突伤害到人民，尤其是儿童。 Country: United States of America Delegate：Shi Ruowen, Li Xiaoying School: Henan Experimental High School Committee: Human Rights Council Topic: Protection of children in armed conflict; disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of child soldiers Throughout history, war has exacted an unacceptable toll on children and youth. Today, some 30 armed conflicts rage around the world, with children and youth suffering disproportionately. In the violence of war, children are murdered and wounded. They are abducted; used as soldiers, suffer sexual abuse and risk life threatening illness. They lose parents, friends and lose opportunities to learn. They were deprived their personal freedom. So we should give children without wars. To protect the children better in conflict, the United Nations passed Declaration of the Rights of the Child on November 20th,1959 and defines that the children all around the world should have each basic right. But some children workers thought Declaration of the Rights of the Child didn’t have legally binding, the United Nations decided to formulate a new convention with legally binding in 1978,Convention on the Rights of the Child. This convention was passed on November 20th, , 1989. It is the first international convention with legally binding on protecting the rights of children. Now it has signed by 193 countries. It is the most accepted convention. In 2000, the UN passed The children in armed conflict and the optional protocol on trafficking of children and child prostitution and child pornography the optional protocol to promote the international community to protect the children and eliminate the spreading of the cruel to children. America pays attention to protect the children. Each canton has its own reporting law. When a doctor, or the people in Child welfare bureau or other children workers find the children were abused, they will report. In all states of America, if you found the child was treated with great cruelty, but you didn’t report, you would be fined or be in imprisonment for a short time. If the child was abused by their parents, the Child welfare bureau would go directly to take the child away and sue their parents. Although many states have signed the convention, some states disobey some of the convention. For example, the Congo, there are great events have been raped. So far, the estimated 500 women and children have ever suffered sexual assault, and the youngest girl was only seventeen. In Gaza, the war in 2007 also took the parents away from many children, there is no protection to these children. Therefore, the united states is strongly opposed to child soldiers；strongly demand to dismiss the child soldiers to make them go back into the society and take effective measures to protect children in armed conflict and protect children’s personal rights. Therefore, the UN appeals for the severe punishment to the states whose children are seriously hurt in armed conflict and the states which use child soldiers. The United States firmly supports the idea of the United Nations. First, through international cooperation, ban these countries from participating in the relevant international activities, which can not get the appropriate resources to support the act of war. Secondly, the state which has signed the convention on the rights of children, but also used child soldiers should pay the financial penalty and it will be on trial in public. Finally, the United States urges the United Nations should establish the necessary forces to interfere to protect the children's rights and interests, when the armed conflict occurs, the forces should supervise the state for the use of child soldiers and protection to the children. The forces should make sure that children won’t get involved in the war. Of course, most importantly, we should reduce the world war, because it is the cause which gets 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/637dadce03020740be1e650e52ea551811a6c97e.html