高一英语语法 一. 句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 We often speak English in class.（代词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to health.（动名词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language. （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. Class is over.（副词） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的特征或状态的。 We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） （七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） （八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） （九） 同位语：用来说明或者解释同一事物或人，通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。可由以下形式表示： 1 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． ★ 即时训练： 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Would you please tell me your address? 15. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 16. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 17. He noticed a man enter the room. 18. The apples tasted sweet. 二. 英语句子分类 一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 2 2、按句子的结构可分三种： 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 三. 简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+谓语（不及物动词）：e.g. We work. 3、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+谓语+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. ★ 即时训练：判断简单句的五种基本句型。 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. Would you please pass me the cup? 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 7. Trees turn green when spring comes. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9. All the students think highly of his teaching. 10. He asked us to sing an English song. 11. The idea sounds great. 12. We will make our school more beautiful. 3 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/87a5cb75bb4ae45c3b3567ec102de2bd9605de9d.html