如何写好毕业论文的摘要和关键词 论文的摘要，其作用是对所写论文实行简要概述，包括研究论题、方法、意义以及由此得出的结论。通过阅读摘要，读者可不必浏览全文便把握论文的主旨。内容决定形式，摘要简明扼要的特点决定其用词精炼准确，紧扣论题。一般来说，毕业论文摘要的字数要求在100—200个词左右。即使摘要的具体内容因所选专业和论题而异，其各组成部分的撰写格式还是有一定的规律可循。 （1） 主题句（topic sentence） 摘要的第一句话往往开门见山，直奔主题，提出研究目的和对象。 The purpose of this paper is … The primary goal of this research is … In this paper (article), we aim at … The chief aim of the present work is to … This paper discusses (studies, concerns, deals with) … This paper argues (demonstrates) … This paper explores (probes into, elaborates on, expounds) … This paper makes a comparison of (an overview of, an analysis of)… In this paper, the author attempts to (intends to, proposes, contends, points out, argues) … Based on (Centering around) …, this paper is to review (proves illustrates) … （2） 主体句（supporting sentence） 在概述了论题后，接下来要进一步涉及研究方法、实验过程、调查或分析等具体内容来填充骨架。常用的句式如下： The method used in our study is known as … The technique we have applied is referred to as … The procedure can be briefly described as … The approach that has been adopted extensively is called … Detailed information has been acquired by the authors using … The research has recorded valuable data using the newly developed method. The underlying concept of this theory is … The underlying principle of the theory is as follows. This is a working theory which is based on the idea that … The fundamental features of this theory are as follows. The theory is characterized by … The experiment, consisted of three steps, is described in … We have carried out several experiments to test the validity of … Recent experiments in this area have suggested that … Examples with actual experiment demonstrate … Special mention is given here to … （3） 结束句（close sentence） 从某种意义上说，摘要就相当于一篇微观论文，其结语句的功能也类似本论文的结论。需要阐明结果、说明应用、点明意义或引发反思： In conclusion, we state that … In summing up it may be stated that … Therefore, it can be concluded that … The results of the experiment indicate that … The studies we have performed showed that … The investigation carried out by … has revealed that … All our preliminary results throw light on the nature of … This fruitful work gives explanation of … These findings of the research have led the author to a conclusion that … Finally, the paper reflects on the current situation pertaining to … 下面看一篇完整的摘要是怎样将上述要点化整为零的： This study examines cross-cultural contrastive rhetoric in argumentative writing. [主题句] To achieve this purpose, 50 Chinese students from Beijing Institute of Machinery and 30 English students from Exeter University in Great Britain are asked to write an English essay on assigned topic. In addition, Chinese students are asked to write a Chinese essay on the same writing task. [主体句] The data suggestions that L1 Chinese writings are significantly different from L1 English writing in two of selected rhetorical features, e.g. types of the discussed problem and affective appeal. Both English and Chinese students demonstrate similar strategies in terms of the orientation length and citation. Chinese students tend to display similar rhetorical strategies in both L1 and L2 writings. [结语句] 此外，还需注意的是，摘要一般在初稿完成后再着手撰写。因为它包含的内容较为全面，假设不对论文有一个整体把握，是难以归纳、总结、取其精华的。 假设说摘要是整篇论文的缩影，那么关键词就是其提炼出的精华，它们直指中心论题，是论文中出现频率最高的词汇，同时也是论文论述的焦点。关键词大多项选择择名词形式，字数一般4—6个字之间，限制在2—10个之内，其间用逗号或分号隔开，最后不加标点，首字母不必大写，位于摘要低端，如下所示： Abstract: The paper conducts a preliminary investigation into the relationships between canonical works of translation and the literary canon in order to highlight the impact of the translation canon on the literary canon. The author argues that it is only through translation that a literary work of one country can become a classical work of another country. Through a case study of Chinese classical poems, the author shows how a literary work can gain rebirth through a translation that is rich in intertextual association. Finally, the paper reflects on the current situation pertaining to the translation for modern Chinese literary works --- a situation which provides much food for thought. Key Words: canon, translation, literature, poetry, intertextuality 从这篇摘要还能够看出关键词的提取离不开论文的标题，因为后者是全文主旨的高度凝缩，起着高屋建瓴的作用。本文标题是The Translation Canon and the Literary Canon,关键词中有三个词直接取自其中，其余两个皆为摘要中隐含的重要信息。由此可见关键词、论文标题和摘要的论文是高度统一的。 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/8b5dbb7e084c2e3f5727a5e9856a561252d321db.html