你可能不知道的some和any的区别 后台收到这样一个问题: Hi,老师,我想问一个比较别扭的问题。Did you eat something this evening? 和 Did you eat anything this evening? 有什么区别吗。我查了很多解释都是说没什么区别。这题竟然出现在教师资格证高中考试里。不弄明白睡不着觉了!期待老师的回复。谢谢老师! 看到这个问题,你或许会奇怪“疑问句中用some不是错了吗?” 你有可能第一时间会想到我们初中学的语法: some常用于肯定句,any常用于否定句和疑问句 一般的规则确实是这样,只是少了一条这样的补充: some in questions We use some in questions if we expect people to anser "Yes", or want to encourage them to say "Yes" -- for example in offers and requests. 来自Michael Swan的Practical English Usage,这本书比较权威(现在也有了对应的App查起来比较方便,我在你或许正需要的一本英语实用手册中介绍过。 PEU中给出了几个例句: 人教版小学英语第三册中有 Can I have some water, please? 在讲到some和any的区别的时候,建议把这一条也规则告诉孩子们。 教小学的英文就so easy吗? 回头看我们的问题, Did you eat something this evening? 和 Did you eat anything this evening? 这两句的表达都是正确的,意思在大多情境中也没什么区别。 来自 Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary 如果非要说有什么区别的话,第一句更像是“客套话”,第二句是真正的问题。因为如PEU中所说,在疑问句中用some的时候,问话者期待对方的答案是肯定的Yes;用anything的话就没有这层意思了。 陈用仪在《英语常用词疑难用法手册》的any词条中提到: 一般语法书指出,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。但是有些疑问句本身带有主观的肯定倾向性,仍然多用some。例如提出邀请:Would you like some (*any) coffee? 您来点咖啡好吗?或是提出要求:Can I have some (*any) soup, please? 能给我一点汤吗?/ Can you lend me some (*any) money? 能借点钱给我吗? 再看一个类似的句子,来自Cambridge Dictionary: We can use both something and anything in negative questions. They have different meanings: Didn’t she bring something to eat? (I think she did bring something.) 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/b020f647a02d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c223.html