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Dare, meaning have the courage to do something, can also be used in two ways:
Dare的意思是“有勇气做某事”,它也有两种用法:
dare 作实义动词
* as an ordinary verb followed by an infinitive with to, with s in the third person singular and with questions and negatives formed with do:
作为实义动词时,接带to的不定式,第三人称单数作主语时加s,疑问句和否定句用do来构成:
He never dares to criticise her for wasting money and she doesn't dare to interrupt him when he's working.
他从不敢批评她浪费钱,而她不敢打扰他工作。
dare 作情态动词
* as a modal auxiliary verb followed by an infinitive without to, with no third person singular s and with questions and negatives without do:
作为情态助动词时,接不带to的不定式,第三人称单数作主语时不加s,疑问句和否定句不需要用do来构成:
Dare she tell him what she thinks about him? She daren't say anything. He will only shout at her. "How dare you speak to me like that?" he will say.
她敢告诉他她对他的想法吗?她什么也不敢说。他只会对着她咆哮:“你怎敢那样对我说话?”他肯定会这么说。
比较
Differences in use are not as fixed or clear cut between doesn't dare to and daren't as they are between doesn't need to and needn't, except in expressions or collocations such as:
doesn't dare to与daren't在用法上的差别不像doesn't need to和needn't那么固定或清晰,除了在以下这些表达和搭配中:
* How dare you?
你怎么敢?
eg: How dare you walk away when I'm talking to you?
我在跟你说话的时候你怎么敢走开?
* I dare you to…
我谅你不敢……
I dare you to go up to him and ask him for a date.
我谅你也不敢走到他面前请他跟你约会。
* I dare say…
我敢说……
I dare say you're pretty hungry after all that cycling.
我敢说你骑了那么久后肯定饿死了。
In this last example, I dare say means I suppose.
最后一例中的I dare say的意思是I suppose,我料想。
情态动词
情态动词有一定的词义,但词义不完全,须同动词原形连用;
情态动词没有人称和数的变化;
疑问句直接把情态动词提前,否定句在情态动词后面加not。
*情态动词中有一类是具有情态动词特征的词,如have to,但它有人称、数的变化,它的疑问句和否定句的构成方式也和其他情态动词有所不同。
can 的用法
一、表能力,有“能,会,能够”的意思。例如:
-Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗?
-Yes, I can. 我会。/ No, I can't. 我不会。
二、表允许,在口语中代替may,有“可以”的意思。
(见下面 may 的用法第四点)
三、表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句。例如:
Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?
Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. 今天是星期天,他不可能在学校里。
很多同学都不太清楚 can 与 be able to 的异同吧,赶快来学习一下吧
may 的用法
一、表示许可或征求对方的许可,有“可以”的意思。例如:
You may go now. 你可以走了。
May I use your computer? 我用一下你的电脑可以吗?
二、回答以 may 开头的疑问句有如下表达法:
-May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗?
-Yes, you may. / Yes, please. 请抽吧。
-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't. / No, you'd better not. 请不要抽烟。
三、表示猜测,通常只用于陈述句。例如:
You may be right. 你可能是对的。
四、在口语中 can 可以代替 may 表示许可,但 can 较随便,may 更正式。例:
Can I use your bike, John? 约翰,我可以用一下你的自行车吗?
May I have a look at your license please, sir? 先生,我可以看一下你的执照吗?
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