【#成考# 导语】天空吸引你展翅飞翔,海洋召唤你扬帆启航,高山激励你奋勇攀登,平原等待你信马由缰……出发吧,愿你前程无量,考入理想院校!以下是®文档大全网为大家整理的《成人考专升本考试真题【三套】》 供您查阅。
【政治】
一、选择题:1~40小题,每小题2分,共80分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,选出一项最符合题目要求的。
1.唯物辩证法认为,发展的实质是
A.事物性质的改变 B.新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡
C.事物结构的优化 D.事物数量的增加和位置的位移
2.矛盾的两个基本属性是
A.普遍性和特殊性 B.对抗性和非对抗性
C.同一性和斗争性 D.根本性和非根本性
3.对思维和存在的同一性问题的不同回答,区分的是
A.反映论和先验论 B.辩证法和形而上学
C.唯物主义和唯心主义 D.可知论和不可知论
4.哲学上的一元论就是肯定
A.世界万物具有统一性 B.时间和空间具有不可分割性
C.世界万物具有可知性 D.物质和运动具有不可分割性
5.检验认识的真理性,就是检验主观认识是否
A.符合客观实际 B.被群众所掌握
C.符合书本知识 D.被多数人赞同
6.党的思想路线的理论基础是辩证唯物主义的
A.发展观 B.一元论
C.物质观 D.认识论
7.否定之否定规律揭示了事物的发展是
A.绝对性和相对性的统一 B.有限性与无限性的统一
C.稳定性与变动性的统一 D.前进性与曲折性的统一
8.认识的高级阶段是
A.感性认识 B.理性认识
C.直接认识 D.间接认识
9.唯物史观认为,历史人物的活动可以
A.完全摆脱社会规律的制约 B.深刻影响社会历史的发展
C.根本改变历史发展的方向 D.最终决定历史发展的进程
10.认清国情是认清和解决革命问题的基本依据。近代中国社会的性质是
A.新民主主义社会 B.半殖民地半封建社会
C.封建社会 D.资本主义社会
11.物质资料生产方式是
A.劳动资料与劳动对象的统一 B.地理环境与人口因素的统一
C.生产力与生产关系的统一 D.经济基础与上层建筑的统一
12.社会历史发展的根本动力是
A.社会改革 B.科学技术革命
C.阶级斗争 D.社会基本矛盾
13.抗日民族统一战线中存在着进步势力、中间势力和顽固势力,党对中间势力采取的策略方针是
A.反对 B.争取
C.发展 D.孤立
14.毛泽东在《论十大关系》中说:“特别值得注意的是,最近苏联方面暴露了他们在封建社会注意过程中的一些缺点和错误,他们走过的弯路,你还想走?过去我们就是鉴于他们的经验教训,少走了一些弯路,现在当然更要引以为戒。”这段话旨在强调建设社会主义,必须
A.调动一切积极因素对社会主义服务 B.正确区分和处理两类社会矛盾
C.根据本国情况走自己的路 D.正确处理各种经济关系
15.农民阶级在中国近代民主革命中所处的地位是
A.先锋队 B.参与者
C. D.主力军
16.土地革命战争时期,在四周白色政权的包围中,农村革命根据地能够存在和发展的根本原因
A.有相当力量正式红军的存在 B.党的领导及其正确的政策
C.中国是一个政治、经济、文化发展极不平衡的半殖民地半封建大国
D.全国革命形势的继续向前发展
17.党的十八大报告指出,建设中国特色社会主义的总依据是
A.当今时代主题 B.市场经济理论
C.社会主义初级阶段 D.自助创新能力
18.住房、物价、收入、医疗、教育等民生热点问题备受百姓关注。这些问题反映了我国现阶段的社会主要矛盾是
A.经济发展与人口资源环境之间的矛盾
B.人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾
C.生产力与生产关系之间的矛盾
D.经济基础与上层建筑之间的矛盾
19.中国特色社会主义理论体系形成的历史依据是
A.我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的伟大实践
B.我国社会主义建设正反两方面的历史经验和改革开放以来的新鲜经验
C.和平与发展成为时代主题
D.其他社会主义国家兴衰成败的经验教训
20.党的思想路线的核心、马克思主义中国化两大理论成果的精髓是
A.解放思想 B.实事求是
C.与时俱进 D.求真务实
21.党的十八届三中全会指出,全面深化改革的核心问题是
A.处理好市场和政府的关系 B.处理好经济发展与环境保护的关系
C.深化对市场经济的认识 D.形成科学的宏观调控体系
22.以党的十一届三中全会为标志,我国进入社会主义建设新时期。这一时期最鲜明的特征是
A.改革开放 B.创新驱动
C.经济发展 D.社会稳定
23.我国社会主义初级阶段的立国之本是
A.坚持改革开放 B.实现共同富裕
C.以经济建设为中心 D.坚持四项基本原则
24.正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点是
A.健全社会主义法治 B.构建和谐社会
C.尊重人民的首创精神 D.改善人民生活
25.当前,制约我国城乡发展一体化的主要障碍是
A.城乡二元结构 B.农业投入不足
C.农民收入偏低 D.农村发展滞后
26.我国经济发展步入新常态。当前,转变经济发展方式的战略重点是
A.调整经济结构 B.走新型工业化道路
C.防控金融风险 D.建设创新型国家
27.实行对外开放是我国的一项基本国策,坚持这一基本国策的立足点是
A.独立自主,自力更生 B.相互借鉴,求同存异
C.内外联动,互惠互利 D.多元平衡,共同发展
28.社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度是
A.按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存 B.公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展
C.社会主义市场经济 D.社会主义有计划的商品经济
29.“和平统一、一国两制”的核心是
A.一个中国 B.长期繁荣
C.两制并存 D.高度自治
30.经济全球化是一把“双刃剑”,机遇与挑战并存。在这种情况下,发展中国家
A.难以抓住机遇,应回避风险 B.可无视风险积极参与经济全球化
C.应提高防范和抵御风险的能力 D.应抵制经济全球化
31.社会主义核心价值体系的灵魂是
A.民族精神和时代精神 B.马克思主义指导思想
C.中国特色社会主义共同理想 D.社会主义荣辱观
32.推进社会建设的重点是
A.保障和改善民生 B. 推进经济持续健康发展
C.推进公民道德建设 D.推进社会治理创新
33.中国共产党的宗旨是
A.有效防预和惩治腐败 B.以人为本、执政为民
C.全心全意为人民服务 D.科学执政、民主执政
34.2014年11月1日,第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议决定设立国家宪法日。国家通过多种形式开展宪法宣传教育活动。国家宪法日发的日期是
A.9月10日 B.12月4日
C.1月1日 D.5月4日
35.我国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,处理国家间关系的基本准则是
A.相互尊重、互不干涉内部事务 B.互惠互利、共赢共存
C.把国家主权和安全放在第一位 D.和平共处五项原则
36.解决民族问题的根本出发点和归宿是
A.各民族的共同繁荣 B.民族合作
C.民族团结 D.民族平等
37.2014年11月11日,亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议在我国举行。国家主席习近平主持会议,各成员领导人围绕“共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系”主题深入交换意见。此次会议的举办城市是
A.天津 B.广州
C.北京 D.上海
38.2015年4月24日,国家主席习近平出席在印度尼西亚万隆举行的纪念活动。本次活动是纪念万隆会议召开
A.60周年 B.65周年
C.50周年 D.55周年
39.2015年1月20日,国家统计局发布数据,据初步核算,2014年中国国内生产总值63.6万亿元,比上年增长
A.9.2% B.10.4%
C.6.5% D.7.4%
40.2015年5月,国务院印发的《中国制造2025》提出了通过“三步走”实现制造强国的战略目标。期中第一步是到2025年
A.我国制造业整体达到世界制造强国阵营中等水平
B.我国造业大国地位更加巩固,综合实力进入世界制造强国前列
C.迈入制造强国行列
D.实现信息化与工业化的深度融合,成为制造业大国 第II卷(非选择题,共70分)
二、辨析题:41~42小题,每小题10分 ,共20分。首先判断正确或错误,然后说明理由。
41、社会规律是通过人们的活动表现出来的,这表明社会规律不具有客观性,是可以被创造或消灭的。
42、党的领导核心地位不是一劳永逸的,过去拥有不等于现在拥有,现在拥有不等于永远拥有。
三、简答题:43~45小题,每小题10分,共30分。
43、简述社会意识相对独立性的含义及其表现。
44、毛泽东思想在哪些方面以独创性的理论丰富和发展了马克思列宁主义?
45、党的十八大提出的创新驱动发展战略是在我国改革发展关键时期做出的重大抉择。当前,进一步实施创新驱动发展战略的主要措施有哪些?
四、论述题:46小题,20分。
46、2014年10月,党的十八届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》中指出:坚持党的领导、人民当家做主、依法治国有机统一,坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路,坚决维护宪法法律权威,依法维护人民利益、维护社会公平公义、维护国家安全稳定,为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供有力法治保障。
【英语】
第I卷(选择题,共105分)
一、语音知识;共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分。在下列每组单词中,有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词。
1.A.snow B.sale C.ask D.design
2.A.lunch B.beach C.machine D.chair
3.A.cut B.human C.luch D.fun
4.A.value B.family C.baby D.cat
5.A.now B.show C.grow D.yellow
二、词汇与语法知识:共15小题;每题1.5分,共22.5分。从每小题的四个选项中,选出的一项。
6.The weather report says itagain tomorrow.
A.rained B.rains
C.has rained D.will rain
7.Bill has a very high price for the car.
A.spent B.paid
C.bought D.cost
8.Tom attended evening school for month or two.
A.an;the B.the;a
C.an;不填 D.不填;the
9.Spring is by far time to visit the island.
A.the better B.better
C.the best D.best
10.The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely
.
A.changing B.change
C.to change D.changed
11.These books should not be from the library.
A.taken off B.taken away
C.taken over D.taken down
12.There is nobody here in the office they have all gone home.
A.must B.can
C.would D.should
13.Mary looks great this pair of trousers.
A.by B.in
C.at D.on
14.-------Will you please open the door for me?
--------.
A.My pleasure B.Yes,please
C.You’re welcome D.Not at all
15.James got lost in the city, he had to ask for help.
A.so B.or
C.for D.but
16.By the time I got home,my grandmother the dinner and was watching TV.
A.prepared B.prepares
C.had prepared D.has prepared
17.The reason the president kept silent is still unknown.
A.why B.how
C.what D.when
18.Dogs have a very sense of smell.
A.clear B.nice
C.high D.good
19.Mrs. Smith persuaded her husband the right thing.
A.did B.do
C.doing D.to do
20.My parents and I could`t get into the house last night because of us had the key.
A.either B.all
C.none D.neither
三、完形填空:共15小题;每题2分,共30分。通读下面的短文,掌握其大意。然后,从每小题的四个选项中选出可填入相应空白处的选项。
In nearly every town or city recent in the UK,on most days of the week you can find one or more people standing in the street selling a magazine 21 The Big Issue. These people are all 22 ,but they are not begging for money. 23 ,they are selling the magazine as a means(手段) of 24 s small but respectable living.
The Big Issue magazine was 25 in 1991 by Jon Bird and Gordon Roddick after they 26 that there were many homeless people who were
27 On the streets of London.On a previous(之前的) 28 to New York,one of them had seen homeless people selling a newspaper known as Street News 29 they decided to set up something 30 in the British capital.
Nowadays,The Big Issue has 31 all over the UK and there are even different versions(版本)of the magazine in different parts of the 32 .The sellers buy each magazine from the organi-zation for seventy pence and then dell it to a 33 for one pound fifty.By working with The Big Issue,many people have been 34 to escape from homelessness,and 35 many of them have moved on to new jobs and new lives.
21.A.speltB.printed C.stuck D.called
22.A.homeless B.healthy C.single D.impolite
23.A.Besides B.Instead C.Therefore D.Anyhow
24.A.enjoying B.changing C.improving D.making
25.A.started B.recognized C.written D.found
26.A.hoped B.forgot C.doubted D.saw
27.A.living B.driving C.working D.drawing
28.A.entrance B.visit C.flight D.way
29.A.but B.or C.and D.for
30.A.personal B.similar C.friendly D.natural
31.A.landed B.broken C.floated D.spread
32.A.town B.city C.country D.world
33.A.painter B.reporter C.reader D.listener
34.A.helped B.asked C.forced D.needed
35.A.now and then B.in the end C.in a hurry D.all the time 四、阅读理解:共15小题;每题3分,共45分。阅读下列短文,www.sxcrgk.com然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选项中选出的一项。
A
In 2008,the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)wanted to know if all the school lunches served to students were healthy. The answer was a big, fat NO!
The USDA found that most American schools served lunches with too much fat and salt. They also found that most of the fruits and vegetables in the lunches came from cans(罐头).Canned fruits and vegetables are not as good as fresh ones.
The USDA gives schools food and money to make lunches. But schools make up their own menus. Some make healthy lunches.Most do not. Now the USDA wants all schools to serve more healthy lunches. They want schools to follow the USDA’s guidelines for balanced(均衡)meals.
Mike Sanders,in charge of the USDA in 2008, said the USDA should teach school workers how to make healthier lunches.“A good school lunch is just as important as a good textbook,”Sanders said. He said that children also need to learn about healthy foods.
The USDA is working on a new program-Fresh Start,It will give schools more fresh fruits and vegetables,Fresh Start will also help schools change their lunches to make them healthier. To find the best way to change lunches,the USDA held meetings with parents,school leaders, doctors,and cooks.
Children already eat healthy lunches at Chief Joseph School in North Saratoga,Oregon. They have whole-wheat bread with low-fat cheese,and low-fat milk.
36.What did the USDA find about lunches in most American schools in 2008?
A.They contained too much fat and salt.
B.They were mostly fruits and vegetables.
C.Most of them were healthy.
D.Most of them were canned food.
37.What are schools required to do to make the lunches healthy?
A.Make up new guidelines.
B.Provide balanced meals.
C.Cook with more vegetables.
D.Design their own menus.
38.What was Mike Sanders?
A.A school headmaster.
B.An office secretary.
C.The director of Fresh Start.
D.The head of the USDA.
39.What is the goal of the Fresh Start program ?
A.Employing good cooks for schools.
B.Selling fresh fruits and vegetables.
C.Finding a better way to talk with parents.
D.Helping improve the school lunches.
B
Magic (魔法)often forces us not to believe our own eyes or even appears to be breaking the laws of physics or nature! The word “magic”has many different meanings. When a bird appears in a hat or when someone declares that he could see into the future-both can be called magic. When a sick person suddenly becomes well or a well person (or even animal) becomes ill,magic is the cause.The British author Terry Pratchett uses magic a great deal in his popular Discworld series of books.
Magic has always been used for fun.People enjoy working out in which cup the little ball is or how he knows which card I was thinking of. Harry Houdini was one of the first world-famous magicians-famous for escaping from deadly situations. Recently David Copperfield, or David Blane,has become very popular for his “unbelievable abilities”,such as making the Statue of Liberty disappear or rise.
Magical rings and three-headed dogs may not be real, but dose this mean nothing magical really exists? Can you always explain how the magician has done the card trick? Maybe it is better not to explain, but to leave a little magic in our lives.Pick a card, any card......
40.The author explains what magic is in paragraph 1 by .
A.giving causes and effects
B.using examples
C.comparing a healthy person with a sick one
D.listing the time of magical events
41.Who is mentioned as a great escape artist?
A.Harry Houdini B.David Blane
C.David Copperfield D.Terry Pratchett
42.What does the author think of magic?
A.It provides people with fun
B.It changes our lives
C.It explains strange things in our lives
D.It breaks the laws of physics
C
“Troublemaker” was what was given to my friend Peter by his teachers.They also said that he had no future and no hope! But now I suggest that anyone who said that should say “sorry” to him.
Peter finished Grade Nine,and then he went to study at a technical college.He became a leader of a group of bad boys.After graduation he had nothing to do, so he just hung around by the market with his friends.
It looked like nothing could change his life.It was not until the day that his father died.He left the boys and went to help his mother who sold food by the roadside.
He really pitied his mum and wanted to do something to support her.He loved reading cartoon(漫画)books and had been collecting them for years,so he decided that he should sell them. Soon he realized that his books were very popular. So he made up his mind to set up his own business.He went around buying cartoon books from other people. He bought them for 25% and then sold them for half price.
These days,he doesn’t have to go around looking for cartoon books because there are always people coming to his shop to sell their old ones. He now has a monthly income of about 55000 baht(泰铢).
He was a “troublemaker” to his teachers but he is a hero to me. If you are judged by your teachers as a “bad student”, I suggest you ignore what they say. Just do your best in everything. Don’t give up so easily.Believe me, one day you could be successful,too.
43.Why does the author think some people should say “sorry” to peter?
A.They considered him hopeless
B.They refused to help him
C.They made him give up his friends
D.They looked down on his parents
44.What did Peter do after his father died?
A.He learnt to draw pictures
B.He worked at a market
C.He continued his college studies
D.He started his own business
45.How does Peter get second-hand cartoon books now?
A.He goes around collecting them
B.He buys them from bookstores
C.He waits for people to sell them to him
D.He borrows them from his friends
46.The word ignore in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning
to .
A.pay no attention to B.take no interest in
C.stick to D.believe in
D
Welcome to North Road Medical Centre! We are open from 8:30 a.m. Until 6 p.m. Monday to Friday.Appointments(预约)with the doctors and nurses are acceptable both morning and afternoon.However, a same-day appointment may not necessarily be with your usual doctor. Patients may be seen by any member of the team.
If you decide to register(注册)with us,please speak to one of our receptionists(接诊员). You will need to complete a registration from. Each new patient is asked to answer some medical questions.You should also make an appointment to see one of the nurses for a health check soon after registering. There is sometimes a delay in handing over medical records from your earlier doctor, and this appointment gives us valuable information about your health.
The Out of Hours Service is reachable from 6:30 p.m. Until 8a.m. Monday to Friday; at weekends from 6:30p.m. Friday to 8a.m. Monday. Telephone 0845-345-8995 to talk to the Out of Hours Service. They will have a doctor get in touch with you.
For medical advice,you can call NHS Direct(24 hours)on 0845-4647 or through the Internet at www.nhsdirect.nhs.com. You can always get advice over the telephone.
If you are too ill to come to the medical centre, you can ask for a home visit over the telephone. Most visits by doctors are made between 12 noon and 3 p.m. If you are able to phone before 11 a.m.,this helps us to plan the day.
47.What can be learnt from paragraph 1?
A.Doctors and nurses work six hours a day.
B.The centre opens all week round.
C.A same-day appointment may not be with the usual doctor.
D.Appointments are not accepted in the afternoon.
48.What is a new patient advised to do after registration?
A.Hand over medical records.
B.Take a health check.
C.Complete an information form.
D.Ask some medical questions.
49.If you need the help of the Out of Hours Service,you may .
A.telephone 0845-4647 B.call 0845-345-8995
C.visit the NHS Direct website
D.get in touch with a doctor
50.When do most doctors go for a home visit?
A.From 6:30p.m. to 8a.m. B.Before 11 a.m.
C.Between 12 noon and 3 p.m. D.From 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m.
第II卷(非选择题,共45分)
五、补全对话:共5句:每句满分为3分,共15分。根据中文提示,把对话中缺少的内容写在线上。这些句子必须符合英语表达习惯。打句号的地方,用陈述句;打问号的地方,用疑问句。
提示:Peter给Johnson教授打电话请病假,接电话的是教授的助手Sally.
(Peter=P;Sally=S)
P:Hello! This is Peter speaking. ,please?
S:I’m sorry. Professor Johnson is not here at the moment. This is his assistant,Sally. ?
P:Yes. Please tell the professor that I’d like to ask for sick leave for tomorrow.
S:Sorry to hear that.May I ask with you ?
P:I’m running a fever. I’ve caught a cold.
S:Oh, ?
P:No,not very serious,but the doctor told me to stay in bed and have a good rest.
S:I see.I’ll as soon as he comes back.
P:Thank you. Goodbye!
S:Bye!
六、书面表达:满分30分。www.sxcrgk.com
假设你是李华,10月20日是你18岁生日,发邮件邀请你的外国朋友Jack来你家参加生日聚会。主要内容包括:
聚会时间:周六晚7点到10点;
参加人员:朋友和同学;
活动内容:聚餐、唱歌、跳舞、游戏等。
注意:词数应为100左右。
Dear Jack,
I hope this email will find you very well.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【语文】
第I卷(选择题,共40分)
一、语言知识与语言应用(24分,每小题4分)
1.下列词语中加点字的读音全都不相同的一项是
A.毗连 琵琶 筚路蓝缕
B.伶仃 拎包 身陷囹圄
C.格式 楼阁 恪尽职守
D.拾掇 点缀 忧心惙惙
2.下列各组词语中没有错别字的一项是
A.乖戾 过谦 荒无人烟
B.松驰聒噪 看风使舵
C.聆听 门禁 天翻地复
D.双赢 户籍 言简意骇
3.下列各句中加点的成语使用不正确的一项是
A.这两支青年足球队旗鼓相当,比赛进行的非常激烈。
B.大佛湾的上万尊雕像居然无一雷同,这在中国石窟艺术中。
C.为了改变经济困难的现状,老李不得不明珠暗投,开始四处打工。
D.卢梭晚年写的《忏悔录》成为世界文学别具一格的名著。
4.一次填入下列横线处的词语,恰当的一项是
从巴丹吉林沙漠西端的戈壁向北张望的戈壁一色铁青,稀疏的骆驼草棵棵憔悴,一颗和另一棵之间距离很远,像是的战士,伫立在广漠的戈壁当中,看日月轮转,大风奔流,饱受严寒和烈日侵袭,这仿佛是它们的宿命。
A.一望无际 独树一帜 根深蒂固
B.阔大无疆 孤立无援 与生俱来
C.阔大无疆 独树一帜 与生俱来
D.一望无际 孤立无援 根深蒂固
5.下列句子有语病的一项是
A.电影《侏罗纪世纪》公映前一周,制片方为影评人和有关专家组织过小范围试映,结果美言不多。
B.要改变目前教学内容繁、难、偏、重的状况,就必须切实转换思想观念,冲出课本和教学的误区不可。
C.科学家发现了大脑中能够控制恐惧的区域,这将有助于改进创伤后压抑症和焦虑症的治疗方法。
D.代表们从尚法守信、励学思进、务实求真等方面对如何更好地展现城市精神风貌的问题进行了讨论。
6.将下列句子组成一段语意贯通的话,排序恰当的一项是
①这种梦境往往会被顽皮的鱼鹰搅破。
②忽然间鱼鹰变的异常机灵,抖着翅膀扑进水里去,山影一时都搅碎了。
③赶上天气晴朗,水面平的像玻璃,山西成人高考网www.sxcrgk.com满江就会画着一片一片淡墨色的山影,模模糊糊的,使人恍惚沉进最恬静的梦境里去。
④这时渔翁站起身伸出竹篙,挑上鱼鹰,一捏它的长脖子,那鱼便被吐进竹篓里去。
⑤竹筏子的梢上停着几只鱼鹰,神气有点迟钝。
⑥一转眼,鱼鹰又浮出水面,长嘴里咬着条银色细鳞的鲢子鱼,咕嘟的吞下去。
⑦江面上不断漂着灵巧的小竹筏子,老渔翁戴着尖顶竹笠,安闲地倚着鱼篓抽烟。
A.①⑦⑥④②⑤③ B.③①⑤②⑦④⑥
C.①⑦②⑥③⑤④ D.③①⑦⑤②⑥④ 二、阅读下面文字,完成7~10题。(16分,每小题4分)
地震前自然界出现的与地震孕育有关的现象称为地震前兆。www.sxcrgk.com我国古代人民早就认识到地震是有前兆的,并留下了关于地震前兆丰富的记载。例如,1739年宁夏银川地震后,有人就总结出地震与井水变化、动物不安、天气反常现象之间可能存在某种联系。古书《隆德县志》上也记载了古人总结的六种地震前兆现象。现在地震科学的深入研究则表明,地震之前确实存在多种多样的前兆。
人的感官能直接觉察到的地震前兆称为地震的宏观前兆。比较常见的有,井水陡涨陡落、变色变味、翻花冒泡、温度升降,泉水流量的突然变化,温泉水温的突然变化,动物的习性异常,临震前出现的地声和地光等。 宏观前兆在地震预报中具有重要的作用,1975年辽宁海城7.3级地震和1976年松潘一平武7.2级地震前,地震工作者和广大群众曾观察到大量的宏观异常现象,为这两次地震的成功预报提供了重要信息。不过也应当注意,上面所列出的多种宏观现象可能是由多种原因造成,不一定都是地震的预兆。例如:井水和泉水的涨落可能和降雨的多少有关,也可能受附近抽水、排水和施工的影响;井水的变色变味可能因污染引起;动物的异常表现可能与天气变化、疾病、发情、外界刺激等有关;还要注意不要把电焊弧光、闪电等误认为地光,不要把雷声误认为地声,不要把燃放烟花爆竹和信号弹当成地下冒火球。
人的感官无法觉察,只有用专门的仪器才能测量到的地震前兆称为地震的微观前兆,主要包括以下四类: 一是地震活动异常。大小地震之间有一定的关系,大地震虽然不多,中小地震却不少,研究中小地震活动的特点,有可能帮助人们预测未来大震的发生。二是地形变化异常。大地震发生前,震中附近地区的地壳可能发生微小的形变,某些断层两侧的岩层可能出现微小的位移,借助于精密的仪器,可以测出这种十分微弱的变化,分析这些信息,可以帮助人们预测未来大震的发生。三是地球物理变化。在地震孕育过程中,震源区及其周围岩石的物理性质可能出现-些变化,利用精密仪器测定不同地区重力、地电和地磁的变化,也可以帮助人们预测地震。 四是地下流体的变化。地下水(井水、泉水、地下岩层中所含的水)、石油和天然气、地下岩层中还可能产生和贮存的一些其它气体,都是地下流体。用仪器测量地下流体的化学成分和某些物理量,研究它们的变化可以帮助人们预测地震。
7.对第一段内容的理解或分析,正确的一项是
A.地震前兆是地震前地表出现的 与地震孕育有关的现象。
B.1739年宁夏银川地震后,我国古代人民才认识到地震是有前兆的。
C.《德隆县志》最早记载了古人总结的六种地震发生现象。
D.现代地震科学的深入研究证明了古人关于地震的某些认识是正确的。
8.对第二段内容的理解或分析,不正确的一项是
A.井水的涨落、泉水水温的变化及其引起的地声和地光都属于地震宏观前兆。
B.根据大量的宏观前兆,有关部门成功预报出了1975年辽宁海城的7.3级地震。
C.自然界发生“宏观现象”的原因非常复杂,不一定都是地震的预兆。
D.燃放烟花爆竹和山西成人高考网www.sxcrgk.com发射信号弹等人为事件,有时会被人们误以为是地震前兆。
9.对第三段内容的理解或推论,不正确的一项是
A.宏观前兆和微观前兆的区别在于是否需要借助专业的仪器来进行测量。
B.大地震发生前,震中附近地区的地壳以及断层两侧的岩石可能出现微弱的变化。
C.利用精密仪器测定震源区的重力、地电和地磁,可以判断地震时地球的物理变化。
D.用仪器测量地下水的化学成分及其物理量的变化可以帮助人们预测地震的发生。
10.下列语句,最适合作本文标题的一项是
A.地震的预防 B.地震的预测方法
C.地震活动的异常情况 D.地震的宏观前兆和微观前兆 三、(25分)阅读下面的现代文,完成11~14题。
人生识字糊涂始
鲁迅
中国的成语只有“人生识字忧患始”,这一句是我翻造的。
孩子们常常给我好教训,其一是学话。他们学话的时候,没有教师,没有语法教科书,没有字典,只是不断的听取、记住、分析、比较,终于懂得每个词的意义,到得两三岁,普通的简单的话就大概能够懂,而且能够说了,也不大有错误。小孩子往往喜欢听人谈天,更喜欢陪客,那大目的,固然在于一同吃点心,但也为了爱热闹,尤其是在研究别人的言语。
我们先前的学古文也用同样的方法,教师并不讲解,只要你死读,自己去记住、分析、比较去。弄得好,是终于能够有些懂,并且竟也可以写出几句来的,然而到底弄不通的也多得很。自以为通,别人也以为通了,但一看底细,还是并不怎么通,连名人小品都点不断的,又何尝少有?人们学话,学不会的是几乎没有的,一到学文,就不同了, 山西成人高考网www.sxcrgk.com学会的恐怕不过极少数,就是所谓学会了的人们之中,请恕我坦白的再来重复的说一句罢,大约仍然糊糊涂涂的还是很不少。这自然是古文作怪。因为我们虽然拼命的读古文,但时间究竟是有限的,不像说话,整天的可以听见;而且所读的书,从周朝人的文章,一直读到明朝人的文章,非常驳杂,脑子给古今各种马队践踏了一通之后,弄得乱七八糟,但蹄迹当然是有些存留的,这就是所谓“有所得”。这一种“有所得”当然不会清清楚楚,大概是似懂非懂的居多,所以自以为通文了,其实却没有通,自以为识字了,其实也没有识。自己本是糊涂的,写起文章来自然也糊涂,读者看起文章来,自然也不会倒明白。因此我想,这“糊涂”的来源,是在识字和读书。
例如我自己,是常常会用些书本子上的词汇的。虽然并非什么冷僻字,或者连读者也并不觉得是冷僻字。然而假如有一位精细的读者,请了我去,交给我一枝铅笔和一张纸,说道,“您老的文章里,说过这山是‘峻嶒’的,那山是‘巉岩’的,那究竟是怎么一副样子呀?您不会画画儿也不要紧,就勾出一点轮廓来给我看看罢。请,请,请......”这时我就会腋下出汗,恨无地洞可钻。
说是白话文应该“明白如话”,已经要算唱厌了的老调了,但其实,现在的许多白话文却连“明白如话”也没有做到。倘要明白,我以为第一是在作者先把似识非识的字放弃,从活人的嘴上,采取有生命的词汇,搬到纸上来;也就是学学孩子,只说些自己的确能懂的话。至于旧语的复活,方言的普遍化,那自然也是必要的,但一须选择,二须有字典以确定所含的意义。
11.第三段所说的“同样的方法”是指什么?这种方法有什么局限?(6分)
答:
12.作者认为,学话容易、学文难的原因是什么?(6分)
答:
13.第四段中,作者为何会“恨无地洞可钻”?(6分)
答:
14.作者认为,如何才能让白话文变得“明白如话”?(7分)
答:
四、(25分)阅读下面的文言文,完成15~17题。
昔者郑武公欲伐胡,故先以其女妻胡君,以娱其意。因问于群臣:“吾欲用兵,谁可伐者?”大夫关其思对曰:“胡可伐。”武公怒而戮之,曰:“胡,兄弟之国也,子言伐之,何也?”胡君闻之,以郑为亲己,遂不备郑。郑人袭胡,取之。宋有富人,天雨墙坏,山西成人高考网www.sxcrgk.com其子曰:“不筑,必将有盗。”其邻人之父亦云。暮而果亡其财,其家甚智其子,而疑邻人之父。此二人说者皆当矣,厚者为戮,薄者见疑,则非知之难也,处知则难也。 (《韩非子·说难》)
15.将文字划线的语句翻译成现代汉语,并联系这些语句的内容,说说胡国被消灭留下的经验教训是什么?(8分)
答:
16.文中“此二人说者皆当矣”,“此二人”指的是谁?(4分)
答:
17.宋国的富人“智子疑邻”表现了什么心理?(4分)
答:
阅读下面的古诗,完成18~19题。
山园小梅
{宋} 林逋
众芳摇落独暄妍, 占尽风情向小园。
疏影横斜水清浅, 暗香浮动月黄昏。
霜禽欲下先偷眼, 粉蝶如知合断魂。
幸有微吟可相狎, 不须檀板共金樽。
【注】众芳摇落:百花凋谢。 暄妍:明媚鲜艳。 霜禽:寒冷季节里的鸟儿。 合断魂:一定会深深迷恋。 微吟:低声吟诵。 檀板:檀木制成的拍板。
18.诗人首联就将与对比,写出了梅的不同凡响、不染尘俗的格调与品质。(2分)
19.第三、四句分别是从什么角度来写梅花的?第五、六句写梅花使用了什么修辞手法?(7分)
答:
五、作文(60分)
20.阅读下面文字,按照要求作文。(60分)
在暴雨中,100多个孩子站成两排,山西成人高考网www.sxcrgk.com手举雨伞,相向而立,搭起了一座近200米长的遮雨“彩虹桥”。没带伞的孩子,可以通过这座“桥”到食堂就餐。近日,这组拍摄于某中学校园内的温馨照片,在网络中引发热议。部分网友的留言如下:
甲:“这是雨中最美的一道风景线。”
乙:“这是不是学校在利用学生作秀?”
丙:“我们为什么不能温情一点看待这件事呢?你没看见孩子们在欢笑吗?”
请根据材料,写一篇不少于600字的文章。题目自拟,文体不限,诗歌除外。
成人考专升本考试真题【三套】.doc