[2017年考研英语阅读理解解析]2017考研英语阅读理解试题及解析(23)

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Everybody loves afat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleaguehas been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, youmight even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all toohuman”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not becapable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by SarahBrosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which hasjust been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well。

　　The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchinmonkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-cooperative creatures, andthey share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “good andservices” than males。

　　Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. deWaal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys toexchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchangepieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed inseparate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other wasgetting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different。

　　In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and muchpreferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange forher token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange atall, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of thechamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presenceof a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enoughto induce resentment in a female capuchin。

　　The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, areguided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-livingspecies. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feelsit is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are notthe preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes thesefeelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether sucha sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whetherit stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,is, as yet, an unanswered question。

　　21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

　　[A] posing a contrast。

　　[B] justifying an assumption。

　　[C]making a comparison。

　　[D]explaining a phenomenon。

　　22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Paragraph 1) implies that

　　[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals。

　　[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature。

　　[C]monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other。

　　[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions。

　　23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research mostprobably because they are

　　[A]more inclined to weigh what they get。

　　[B]attentive to researchers’ instructions。

　　[C]nice in both appearance and temperament。

　　[D]more generous than their male companions。

　　24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in theirstudy that the monkeys

　　[A]prefer grapes to cucumbers。

　　[B]can be taught to exchange things。

　　[C]will not be co-operative if feeling cheated。

　　[D]are unhappy when separated from others。

　　25. When can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions。

　　[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source。

　　[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as human do。

　　[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild。 　解析

　　21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by 第一段，作者引入主题是通过

　　[A] posing a contrast. 提出一个对照。

　　[B] justifying an assumption. 证明假定是正确的。

　　[C] making a comparison. 作出一个比较。

　　[D] explaining a phenomenon 解释一个现象。

　　【答案】 C

　　【考点】 写作手法题。

　　【分析】 从题目入手可以节约时间，增强阅读目的性，有的放矢。第一题的题目告诉我们需要先确定主题。如前所述，一段文章的主题同样可能就隐藏在一句关键的话中。从文章第一段讲人会因为不公平而愤怒，推导动物会不会呢?有人认为不会，但是科学研究表明猴子同样会。这就是关键句，这就是作者要讨论的主题。[A]选项表示对比，相反或不同，可是文章说的是猴与人类似，所以不选。[B]选项原文提出的假定原本是人与猴不一样，所以这个答案不对。[D]选项解释现象，这个说法不能够将开头和主题的内在联系结合起来。

　　22. The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line, Paragraph l) implies that

　　“太猴子化”(第一段最后一行)这一说法的言下之意是

　　[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals。

　　猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒。

　　[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature。

　　痛恨不公平也是猴子的本性。

　　[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other。

　　猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒。

　　[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions。

　　除了猴子以外，没有动物能够产生出这样的感情。

　　【答案】 B

　　【考点】 推断题。

　　【分析】 由于题目表面看上去是问一个词组的意思，所以很多人纠缠在字面意义上。实际上，考生只有先理解“all too human”然后才能够理解“all too monkey”。[A]选项谈到“猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒。”文章中开篇的时候只是说人会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，没有说动物也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，所以不选。[C]选项说“猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒。”这个选项是的干扰项。在对文章经过仔细的阅读后，考生可以发现，作者的主题就是要告诉大家“对不公平的痛恨猴子也会”。这个选项在程度上超过了我们的需要。[D]“除了猴子没有动物能够培养出这样的感情。”这个说法如果断章取义也有可能会被错选，但是只有结合上文的逻辑顺序就能够去除这个干扰项。

　　23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research mostprobably because they are

　　母卷尾猴最有可能被选为研究对象的原因是它们

　　[A] more inclined to weigh what they get. 更加倾向于权衡它们之所得。

　　[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions. 关注研究人员的指导。

　　[C] nice in both appearance and temperament. 有好的外表和脾气。

　　[D] more generous than their male companions. 比公猴更加慷慨。

　　【答案】 A

　　【考点】 事实细节题。

　　【分析】 第三段第一句“Suchcharacteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. dewaal’s study。”正好回答了这个问题。考生应该立即意识到“such characteristics”指的是第二段中“They look cute(可爱). They are good-natured(脾气好)，co-operative(合作)creatures, and they share their food readily(共享食物). Aboveall(最重要的是)， like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closerattention to the value of ‘goods and services’than males。”如果考生对最后一句话仔细研究一下，就会发现这句话中的“密切关注它们获得的东西”其实就是“权衡它们获得的东西”的意思。而且这是首要的，有“above all”为证明。这里有一个阅读技巧，即注意“such”一词。当“such”出现在某段某句中作定语时，表示的意思是“如此的，这样的”。请考生务必到前文去寻找该词的实际指代内容。切记![B]这个意思也不错，因为文中有“cooperative”，可惜这不是最重要的。[C]文中也提到了，但是仍然不是最重要的。[D]选项是出题人自己编的。

　　24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in theirstudy that the monkeys

　　Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal最终在他们的研究中发现猴子

　　[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers. 喜欢葡萄胜过黄瓜。

　　[B] can be taught to exchange things. 可以被训练来交换东西。

　　[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated. 如果感觉被欺骗，就不会合作。

　　[D] are unhappy when separated from others. 与其他猴子分离时不开心。

　　【答案】 C

　　【考点】 事实细节题。

　　【分析】 最后一段第二句“Suchco-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not beingcheated。”[A]、[B]两项是事实，但不是结论。[D]选项是明显是错误的。

　　25. What can we infer from the last paragraph? 从最后一段我们可以得出什么结论?

　　[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions。

　　通过训练，猴子可以培养出社会情感。

　　[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source。

　　人类的义愤起源不确定。

　　[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do。

　　动物通常象人那样公开表达自己的情感。

　　[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild。

　　只有在野外时猴子间的合作才保持稳定。

　　【答案】 B

　　【考点】 推断题。

　　【分析】 [A]选项中把“guide”的概念偷换成“train”，意思就不一样了。前者表示“引导”，后者表示“训练”。所以不选。[C]这个说法超出了正确度很多，因为文中“Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve ofpeople alone。”只表示“义愤非人类专有。”[D]选项也对原文意思产生了曲解。不是只有在野生状态下猴子的合作才稳定。而是只有在猴子没有被骗的时候它们才有可能稳定。[B]选项在原文中可以找到类似的说法。“whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchinsand humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question。”与[B]意思一样。

2017考研英语阅读理解试题及解析(23).doc

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