英语语法直接引语和间接引语-英语语法练习：直接与间接引语

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　　Part I：单词与短语

　　a dinner party晚宴；hostess n.女主人；sit next to sb.挨着某人坐；unsmiling adj.不苟言笑的；tight adj.紧身的；take one's seat （动词短语）就座；fix on sth. （动词结构）集中在……上；plate n.盘子；in a short time一会儿功夫；busy doing忙于做某事；make conversation with sb 与某人交谈；in despair 绝望中，绝望之下

　　Part II：语法学习

　　1.直接引语与间接引语的相互转换示例

　　示例1：I said to her, “A new play is coming to the Globe soon.”

　　　 　　I said to her that a new play was coming to the Globe soon.

　　示例2：I asked her, “Will you be seeing it?”

　 　　　　I asked her whether she would be seeing it.

　　示例3：“Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?” I asked her.

　 　　　　I asked her if she would be spending her holidays abroad that year.

　　示例4：“Will you be staying in England?” I asked her.

　 　　　　I asked her if she would be staying in England.

　　示例5：In despair, I asked her, “Are you enjoying your dinner?”

　 　　　　In despair, I asked her if she was enjoying her dinner.

　　示例6：“Young man,” she answered, “if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner.”

　 　　　　She answered that if I had eaten more and talked less, we would have both enjoyed our dinner.

　　2.虚拟语气

　　承接刚刚讲过的内容：虚拟语气的本质就是“说废话”。这里，我们开始探讨“说废话”的几种情况：

　　第一，在表示虚拟的条件句中“对现在事实说废话”，此时，主句也要做相应的变化予以配合。

　　示例：If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new car.（实际情况呢，没钱！）

　　第二，在表示虚拟的条件句中“对过去事实说废话”，此时，主句也要做相应的变化予以配合。

　　示例：If you had told me the truth earlier, I would not have acted like that.（实际情况呢，你没告诉我，而我呢，也就那样做了！）

　　第三，在表示虚拟的条件句中“对将来事实说废话”，此时，主句也要做相应的变化予以配合。

　　示例：If I were to die tomorrow, I would not sleep tonight.（实际情况呢？身体棒着呢！明天不可能死，今晚呢，也就会照常呼呼大睡！）

　　Part III：综合训练

　　Last week （1） a dinner party, the hostess asked me （2） sit next to a Mrs. Rumbold. She was a big, （3 unsmile） lady （4） a tight black dress. She did not even look （5） （6） I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were （7 fix） （8） her plate （9） in a short time, she was busy （10 eat）. I tried to make a conversation. 'A new play is coming to the Globe. Will you （11） seeing it?' 'No,' she answered. 'Will you （12） spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked. 'No,' she answered. 'Will you （13） staying in England （14） Christmas?' I asked. 'No,' she answered. （15） despair, I asked her （16） she was enjoying her dinner （17） she answered 'Young man, （18） you （19 eat） more （20） （21 talk） less, we （22） both enjoy our dinner.'

　　答案：

　　（1） at; （2） to; （3） unsmiling; （4） in; （5） up;

　　（6） when; （7） fixed; （8） on; （9） and; （10） eating;

　　（11） be; （12） be; （13） be; （14） for; （15） In;

　　（16） whether//if; （17） and; （18） if; （19） ate; （20） and;

　　（21） talked; （22） would

　　Part IV：句子翻译

　　1. 上周在一次晚宴上，女主人让我坐在一位Rumbold夫人旁边。

　　2. 这位夫人是个大块头、不苟言笑的人，身穿一件黑色紧身衣。

　　3. 我在她身旁就座时她连头都没抬一下。

　　4. 她两眼紧盯着盘子，一会儿功夫，她就忙着吃上了。

　　5. 我试着跟她攀谈。

　　6. 一部新剧就要在环球剧院演出了，你准备去看吗？

　　7. 你今年准备去国外度假吗？

　　8. 绝望中，我问她是否吃得尽兴，她回答说：“年青人，如果你多吃饭少讲话，我们两人就都会吃得尽兴了。”

　　答案：

　　1. Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to a Mrs. Rumbold.

　　2. She was a big, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.

　　3. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.

　　4. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating.

　　5. I tried to make a conversation.

　　6. A new play is coming to the Globe, and will you be seeing it?

　　7. Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?

　　8. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner and she answered 'Young man, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner.'

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