2022年12月大学英语四级阅读理解习题

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【#四六级考试# 导语】人生终有许多选择。每一步都要慎重。但是一次选择不能决定一切。不要犹豫，作出选择就不要后悔。只要我们能不屈不挠地奋斗，胜利就在前方。以下是©文档大全网为大家精心整理的内容，欢迎大家阅读。

1.2022年12月大学英语四级阅读理解习题

　　How Long Could You Go Without Complaining

　　Baseball fans are gearing up for the World Series, but we all know what's the real national pastime: complaining. Could you go without griping about anything for a day? For a week?

　　A couple of editors at Slate's Double X women's site are trying to go a whole month without complaining. Both Jessica Grose, managing editor, and Hanna Rosin, founding editor, say on the site that they've grown concerned about over-relying on complaints in getting through their juggles Ms. Grose is newly engaged, Ms. Rosin married with three young children. Over the course of their efforts, the two realize how much of their interactions with friends and colleagues are based on the common currency of complaining.

　　Ms. Grose recounts a recent pleasant drive during which she realized she was enjoying a good moment in her life and had nothing to complain about which led to "a twinge of panic" at the very fact of having nothing to complain about. "This shining moment of whine-free living made me realize how much kvetching I do on a daily basis. If I am honest with myself, I would estimate that about 70% of the things that come out of my mouth are gripes. Good-natured，often, but still nonessential and sometimes obnoxious to others."

　　So Ms. Grose decides to "try to stop complaining entirely about small things and quit excessively complaining about the bigger ones," for a month. She enlists her boss, Ms. Rosin, in the effort to reach a state of more "mindful complaining," as Ms. Rosin terms it.

　　Ms. Rosin relates her own tale of addiction to complaints: After she griped about keeping up with her children's complex schedule of after-school activities, her husband made up a weekly schedule and posted it on the fridge. "I nearly killed rum. Honestly, it was our most dramatic marital fight to date. Why was I angry with him? It took me a few days to figure it out. Because by helping to solve the problem, he had robbed me of my God-given right to complain."

　　I certainly join Ms. Grose and Ms. Rosin in spending a fair amount of time complaining, especially at work. As we've written about before, at some workplaces, people end up spending more time kvetching about work than actually working. Most of our gripes there these days center on our new publishing system, which remains a bit buggy after five months of use. But there's some modest enjoyment in commiserating about an experience we're all going through together, and for the most part I'm fortunate not to have truly awful work woes to complain about, my co-workers are talented and conscientious，and the section we produce is something we can be proud of.

　　I have few serious complaints at home, either. We have the usual little squalls, but my wife and I often remark how much we enjoy our children, our friends and each other. I try to look on the bright said most of the time, so I feel like whatever complaining I do isn't a debilitating problem in need of aggressive correction.

　　How about for you? What are the sources of your biggest complaints? Do you think you complain too much at home or at work, and could you see making a concerted effort over some period of time to cut back? Do you think you could go on a complaint fast?

　　你能做到不抱怨吗

　　棒球迷们正在翘首以待即将到来的世界职业棒球大赛，但我们大家都清楚美国真正的全国性休闲方式是什么:发牢骚。你能不能一整天都不发一句牢骚?整整一周呢?

　　女性网站Slate's Double X的几个编辑正在尝试整整一个月都不抱怨。主编杰西卡·格罗斯和创始人兼编辑汉娜·罗森在网站上说，她们越来越担心自己需要过度依赖诉苦的发泄方式才能渡过难关。杰西卡最近刚刚订婚，汉娜则是有三个小孩的已婚妈妈。在体味人生酸甜苦辣的过程中，她们俩都意识到，自己与朋友同事之间的很多沟通都是以发牢骚为主的。

　　杰西卡回忆起最近一次愉快的驾车旅途，她发现那是自己人生中一段美好的时光，根本没什么可抱怨的——于这一事实，她居然感觉到"一阵恐慌"。她说：“这种无可抱怨的美好时光让我意识到，自己平时的生活都是在牢骚满腹中度过的。凭心而论，我估计自己嘴里说出来的话有70%左右都是在发牢骚。这种抱怨往往没有恶意，但还是属于可有可无，有时还会让别人感到厌烦。”

　　因此，杰西卡决定在一个月内，“试着完全停止对琐事的抱怨，并对更重要一些的事情也尽量不去大发牢骚。”她把自己的老板汉娜也拉进来，以汉娜的话来说，这是为了“互相监督”。

　　汉娜也谈到自己发牢骚上瘾的故事：她抱怨自己很难跟得上几个孩子错综复杂的校外兴趣活动安排，于是她丈夫做了一张每周活动日程表，贴在冰箱门上。“为这事儿，我差点宰了他。说实话，这是我们结婚来吵得最凶的一次。可我为什么这么生气?过好几天后我才想明白：因为他帮我解决了问题，但同时也剥夺了我天经地义的发牢骚的权利。”

　　和杰西卡与汉娜一样，我也经常发牢骚，特别是上班的时候。我以前也在文章里写到过，在有些办公场所，人们抱怨工作的时间比真正工作的时间还要多。最近，我们对工作的抱怨大多数都集中在新开发的编辑系统上，因为经过五个月的使用后，系统似乎还有些小问题。不过，在对一种共同经历发牢骚时，确实有一种隐约的快感;而我算是幸运的，因为基本上没有真正意义上的工作难题需要抱怨一我的同事们既有才华、人又好，我们共同开发出来的内容板块也令大家感到自豪。

　　我在家也很少真正抱怨什么。我和妻子有时也拌几句嘴，但经常的话题是谈孩子和朋友们的趣事，以及对彼此的喜爱。大多数时候，我都试着乐观处事，因此并不觉得自己偶尔发牢骚是一个急需改正的坏毛病。

　　你的情况如何?抱怨最多的事情是什么?你觉得自己在家或上班时抱怨过多吗?能不能在一段时间内有意识地控制自己少发牢骚?能不能把少发牢骚这个“封口令”进行到底?

2.2022年12月大学英语四级阅读理解习题

　　Women Underestimate Their Performance on the Job

　　What do your co-workers think of your performance on the job?

　　If you're a woman, you're three times more likely than a man to answer that question wrong.

　　Women handicap themselves on the job by chronically underrating their standing with bosses and co-workers, says a new study slated for presentation next month to the Academy of Management's annual meeting. When asked to predict how they were rated by managers, direct and peers, women were significantly poorer at predicting others' ratings than men，says the study of 251 managers by Taylor of the University of New Mexico.

　　A lack of self-confidence isn't the problem. The women surveyed thought highly of themselves compared with men in the study. But the female simply believed others regarded them as far less competent than they actually did, on a wide range of social and emotional skills related to leadership, according to the study. The ratings encompassed a wide range of attributes, from communication and conflict management to trustworthiness and teamwork.

　　Overall, averaging all the ratings, the gap between prediction and reality was three times greater for women than for men."women are so accustomed to decades of being ‘disappeared’ or ignored, and to hearing histories of women whose contributions went unnoticed，that they assume these conditions exist to the same extent today," Dr. Taylor says.

　　A few companies, of course, have fair, transparent, performance-based compensation systems that eliminate gender inequities.

　　But at most employers，expecting to be devalued can exact a big toll. A friend of mine says she underestimated her standing at work for years and paid a high price in her paycheck. She started at a low-paid entry-level job at her company and advanced quickly up the ladder.But she didn't ask for a raise for several year, only to find out later that she was making 50% less than peers with similar or less experience.

　　"It came as a shock when I discovered how underpaid I was," she says. "I really shot myself in the foot by not being a self-promoter." The lesson: If your employer lacks a systematic comp policy, "you really have to self-promote and lobby for yourself if you care about your career or salary advancement," my friend says.

　　My male peers have pointed out my own blind spots in this regard. Years ago, when I first learned how much a female executive at my company was paid, I marveled, "Wow，that's a lot." The male colleague who told me roared with laughter. "You think that's a lot?" he asked me he asked me incredulously."That's half what men at her level make."

　　Readers, do you have trouble promoting yourselves? Do you see women around you undervaluing their contributions? Does your workplace have transparent, performance-based advancement or compensation systems that help eliminate gender inequities? Or do workers of both genders have to do a lot of self-promotion to get ahead?

　　女性低估自身工作表现

　　你的同事认为你的工作表现如何?

　　如果你是女性，那你答错这个问题的机率是男性的3倍。

　　将在管理学会(Academy of Management)下个月举行的年会上提交的一项新研究表明，女性习惯性地低估自己在老板和同事心目中的地位，从而阻碍了自己的事业发展。新墨西哥大学的泰勒对251名管理人员进行的研究发现，当被要求预测上司、直接领导和同事给自己的评分时，女性预测的准确度远远不如男性。

　　问题不在于缺乏自信。受调查者中，女性比男性对自己评价更高。但研究显示，她们就是觉得自己与领导能力相关的众多社会和情感技能被别人极大地低估了。评分包括交流沟通、处理冲突、可信度和团队合作等多方面的特质。

　　总体上看，将所有评分平均下来，女性的预测和现实之间的差距是男性的3倍。泰勒说，女性几十年来习惯了被忽视，总是听到有关女性的成绩被忽略的陈年旧事，因此她们以为这些情况现在依然如故。

　　当然，一些公司拥有公正、透明、基于工作表现的奖励系统，消除了性别歧视。

　　但在大多数公司里，低估自己可能会付出很高的代价。我的一位朋友说，她多年来一直低估自己在工作中的地位，为此在薪资方面损失惨重。她在公司从低薪的人门级职位干起，升职很快。但她几年都没有要求加薪，最后才发现资历跟她相同或哺乳她的同事都挣得比她多一半。

　　她说，当我发现自己的薪水有多低时，简直太吃惊了，我自己不去要求，这真是自作自受。我朋友说，这件事的教训是：如果你的雇主没有系统的薪酬制度，那你要是关心自己的事业或薪水长进，就得自力更生，替自己说话。

　　我的一些男同事曾经指出我在这方面的盲点。多年前我首次得知公司里的女性管理人员的薪水时，我惊叹道，哇，真是太高了。告诉我这件事的男同事大笑起来。他怀疑地问，你真觉得很多吗?这只是她那个级别的男主管薪水的一半。

　　读者们，你在推销自己这方面遇到过问题吗?你周围的女性有没有低估自己的成就?你所在的公司是否有可帮助消除性别歧视的透明的、基于工作表现的晋升或薪资体系?抑或无论男女，员工都必须进行大量的自我推销才能成功?

3.2022年12月大学英语四级阅读理解习题

　　In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated,the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.

　　In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.

　　Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues, and corporate sponsorships,tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support.

　　Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.

　　练习题：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.During voting, the city ______ will win host of Olympics.

　　A. getting most votes in the first vote

　　B. getting more than half votes

　　C. being supported by a major city

　　D. going around successfully

　　2.In selecting the host city, the IOC will consider several factors EXCEPT________ .

　　A. the time zone of the host city

　　B. the existing facilities of the host city

　　C. whether the area has hosted the Games

　　D. whether profit could be made by the host city