新概念英语第四册课文及翻译及详解,新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson34

【课文】 　　First listen and then answer the following question. 　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。 　　What do adolescents respect in parents? 　　Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and make them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves . 　　Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it. 　　The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. 　　Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment. 　　DOTID OFLUM Journey Through Adolescence 　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】 　　adverse adj. 不利的 　　adolescence n. 青春期 　　slur n. 抵毁 　　adolescent n. 青少年(12-18岁) 　　disloyalty n. 不忠实 　　spiteful adj. 恶意的，怀恨的 　　dignity n.端庄，高贵，尊严 　　disillusionment n. 幻灭感 　　evaluation n. 评价 　　infallibility n. 一贯正确 　　resent v. 怨恨 　　sincerity n. 诚挚 　　victorian adj. 维多利亚式的 　　retreat v. 后退 　　unreasoning adj. 不凭理智的 　　authoritarian adj.专制的 　　cow v. 吓唬 　　【课文注释】 　　1.slur n. 诽谤, 耻辱, 污点, 污迹 　　例句：He took the remarks as a slur on his reputation. 　　他把这些话当作是对他的名誉的中伤。 　　She had dared to cast a slur on his character. 　　她竟敢对他的人品加以诋毁。 　　2.spiteful adj. 恶意的, 怀恨的 　　例句：Walter's spiteful remarks were quite uncalled for. 　　沃尔特恶意的话完全是多余的。 　　He had been a spiteful sort of man. 　　他是一个善于怀恨的男人。 　　3.descent n. 　　①下降, 下坡 　　例句：There was a descent of temperature after rain. 　　雨后气温下降了。 　　②家世, 血统 　　例句：He traces his descent back to an old norman family. 　　他追踪自己的世系上溯至一个古老的诺曼家族。 　　4.on the part of 在......一边 　　例句：Contentment, on his part, took no vulgar form. 　　就他而言，满足从来没有以庸俗的方式表现出来。 　　5.resolve v. 　　①决定 　　例句：He resolved that nothing should hold him back. 　　他下决心不让任何事情阻挡他。 　　②解决 　　例句：Intensive efforts are being made to resolve the dispute. 　　现正全力以赴来解决这场纠纷。 　　③分解 　　例句：We can resolve the problem into more elementary items. 　　我们能够把这个问题分解成更基本的细目。 　　【词义辨析】 　　decide, determine, resolve, settle 这些动词都含“决定”之意。 　　decide: 侧重指经过思考、比较、讨论或询问之后做出的决定。 　　determine: 指经过深思熟虑，决心去做某事并坚持施行。 　　resolve: 语气较强，强调以坚定不移的信念去做或不做某事，暗含有远大抱负和坚强决心。 　　settle: 指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后作出明确的最终结论。 　　resolution, decision, determination, resolve 这些名词均含“决定、决心”之意。 　　resolution: 指自觉地正式表示的决心，含极强的主观能动意味，比如new year's resolution。 　　decision: 既可指重大的或一般的决定或决心，又可指在多种情况下作出果断的抉择，毫不犹豫地采取行动。 　　determination: 侧重坚定不移的顽强意志力。 　　resolve: 语气较强，强调克服感情上的软弱，下决心干具体的一件事。 　　solve, resolve 这两个动词均含“解决”之意。 　　solve: 普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问题找到满意的解法或答复。 　　resolve: 主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或解决途径。 　　6.they have brought this on themselves 他们是咎由自取 　　7.stand up to 经得起 　　例句：That is why they cannot stand up to any serious test. 　　这就是为什么他们经受不住任何严重的考验。 　　Will this car stand up to winter conditions here? 　　这汽车经得起这儿冬天的气候条件吗? 　　8.retreat v. 撤退，后退 　　例句：After several reverses the enemy was forced to retreat. 　　几经失败之后，敌军被迫后撤。 　　9.cow vt. 恐吓，吓唬 　　例句：The generals tried to cow opposition to their military rule by imprisoning their 　　leaders. 　　这些将军通过监禁领导人来威吓反对军事统治的人。 　　10.face up to 正视 　　例句：He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 　　他应该勇於正视自己不再年轻这一事实。 　　【参考译文】 　　当家长听到孩子赞扬自己朋友的家时，总感到不安，认为孩子在嫌弃自家的饭菜、卫生、或家具，而且愚蠢地让孩子看出自己的烦恼。他们甚至责备孩子不忠，或者讲些小朋友家长的坏话。家长这种有失身份和孩子气的作法使青春期的孩子大为震惊，决心以后不再向父母讲述去过的地方和见过的人。不要很久,家长就会抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告诉他们，殊不知这是他们自找的。 　　不管家长的人品有多么好，作为父母有多么合格，孩子们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不可避免的。除非父母自身不能令人满意，大多数孩子对父母估价过高，以致这种估价很难指望经受住现实的考验。如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确，意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响，那么家长会大为吃惊和深受感动的。如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这象征着孩子们正在成熟和正在发展宝贵的观察力、独立判断力，那么他们就不会那样伤心，也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应，而把孩子推到自己的对立面去。 　　青少年酷爱真诚，对于能够承认错误或无知、甚至承认自己做得不公平或不公正的父母，他们总是尊敬的，孩子们所不能原谅的是：父母错了，孩子们也看出来了，可是做父母的还不肯承认。 　　维多利亚时代的父母认为，他们可以靠无理的权威气派来维护自己的尊严，实际上那是根本不行的。孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的想法罢了。虽然现在我们倾向于走向另一个极端，但总地来看，孩子和家长双方态度都比较端正。遇事采取面对现实的态度总是比较明智和稳妥的，尽管会有暂时的痛苦。

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