职称英语卫生类b级-2017年职称英语卫生类A级考前冲刺训练：阅读理解

Number 1

Demand on Treatment Emphasized

AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment. the World Health Organization(WHO) said Tuesday, asking for more small community—based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.

An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two—thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003，the UN health agency said in its annual report.

“Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,” the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.

WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.

“Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said．

“By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss,” he added．

Anti retroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150.

Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.

Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said.

Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.

1. Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries?

A. They put too little emphasis on treatment.

B. They refuse to be treated.

C. They are not receiving any treatment.

D. They live longer than those in developed countries

2. The WHO publishes its World Health Report

A. once a year

B. once a decade

C. once every two years

D. twice a year

3. According to Lee，our response to the AIDS disease is

A. overemphasized.

B. a matter of little significance

C. a matter of great significance

D. timely

4. AIDS treatment programs may also result in

A. more effective prevention

B. lower yearly cost

C. better drugs

D. greater emphasis on treatment

5. How many people have died of AIDS so far?

A. 36 million

B. 46 million

C. Around 440,000

D. More than 20 million

Number 2

Different Emotions of People

According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person’s thoughts.

Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.

Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. I Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.

Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.

Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.
6. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something

A. one thinks bad or good.

B. one feels in danger.

C. one faces in the outside world.

D. one tries to escape from real life

7. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A. Children learn emotions as they grow up.

B. Babies are born with emotions.

C. Emotions fall into two types in general.

D. People can cope with the negative emotions in life.

8. In the passage, the writer wants to show us

A. the deep root of different emotions

B. the difference between positive and negative emotions

C. the attitudes people should take towards emotions

D. the definition and classification of people’s emotions

9. Which one is NOT mentioned as the reason for a student’s failure in the exam?

A. He can not think properly.

B. He is physically too weak.

C. He is extremely worried about the failing.

D. He is not full of mental energy.

10. As used in the last sentence, the word “drains” means

A. stops

B. ties

C. weakens

D. flows

Number 3

Fighting Drug Resistance in Malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS

Anti-microbial resistance -- germs becoming resistant to medicine -- is part of the natural history of infectious disease. No drug can kill every single harmful microbe. A few bugs inside a sick person always survive. Over time, these resistant microbes may come to predominate, rendering formerly effective medicines useless. In Uganda, as in other African countries, the fight against disease is a race against drug resistance.

Sister Florence Nawanga is an herbalist at a convent near Entebbe in south-central Uganda. For the last few years, she's been cultivating a herb that's native to China, but that might hold the key to defeating malaria in Africa, too. “This is the plant,” she says, pointing to a small fern-like plant she’s seeded in the bush near the convent.

It's called "sweet wormwood," or Artemesia annua, and the drug derived from it, artemisinin, is the key ingredient of what is currently the most effective anti-malarial medicine. It came into use just as older anti-malarials such as chloroquine and quinine began to fail.

Malaria caused by a mosquito-borne parasite, kills more than one million Africans each year, most of them young children. Almost everyone in Uganda has had it at one time or another, especially those who can't afford an insecticide-treated mosquito net, a category that includes most Ugandans.

In the Kampala slum of Katanga, a grandmother cares for 11 children without a single mosquito net, administering the older, less effective anti-malaria drugs to the baby. Last week, she says, the medicine failed to save the youngest child in her care.

Malaria, AIDS/HIV, tuberculosis and poverty reinforce each other in Africa, making each more deadly. Doctors say that malarial fevers in an HIV-infected person are likely to bring on full-blown AIDS, and that most African AIDS patients actually succumb to tuberculosis. The AIDS virus, too, is becoming resistant to less costly, first-line anti-retroviral drugs. And doctors note that in all three illnesses, poor people are less likely to complete drug therapies, a major cause of drug resistance.

“Because the patient is interrupted in taking the drugs, the bug recovers,” says Dr. Martin Okot-Nwang, who is the head of tuberculosis treatment at Mulago Hospital in Kampala. “And when it recovers, it's definitely not going to be the same bug."

31. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

A. A good drug can kill all harmful microbes

B. The surviving microbes get very weak and will die soon after

C. in Uganda, the fight against disease is a race against drug resistance

D. Uganda is a European country

32. The herb Sister Florence Nawanga is cultivating

A. is native in Cuba.

B. is a small fern-like plant.

C. is planted in a small pond.

D. will definitely defeat malaria in Africa

33. What is the relationship between artemisinin and quinine

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