新概念英语第一册Lesson1-新概念英语第一册Lesson1-20自学笔记精讲解析
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【#新概念英语# 导语】新概念英语第一册是英语初级阶段，这套经典教材通过完整的英语学习体系，能够帮助学生掌握英语的四项基本技能—听、说、读、写，使学生能在学习中限度地发挥自己的潜能。学习英语重要的是思考，只有不断地思考，才能深入地理解，从而进行创作。英语一定要多练习，只有这样才能始终保持着对英语学习的兴趣。以下是®文档大全网整理的新概念英语第一册Lesson1-20自学笔记精讲解析，欢迎阅读！
1.新概念英语第一册Lesson1-2自学笔记精讲解析
1. Excuse me! 对不起。
这是常用于表示道歉的客套话，相当于汉语中的“劳驾”、“对不起”。当我们要引起别人的注意、要打搅别人或打断别人的话时，通常都可使用这一表达方式。在课文中，男士为了吸引女士的注意而使用了这句客套话。它也可用在下列场合：向陌生人问路，借用他人的电话，从别人身边挤过，在宴席或会议中途要离开一会儿等等。
2. Yes? 什么事?
课文中的 Yes? 应用升调朗读，意为：“什么事?”Yes? 以升调表示某种不肯定或询问之意，也含有请对方说下去的意思。
3. Pardon? 对不起，请再说一遍。
当我们没听清或没理解对方的话并希望对方能重复一遍时，就可以使用这一表达方式。较为正式的说法是：
I beg your pardon. I beg your pardon? Pardon me.
它们在汉语中的意思相当于“对不起，请再说一遍”或者“对不起，请再说一遍好吗?”
4. Thank you very much. 非常感谢!
这是一句表示感谢的用语，意为“非常感谢(你)”。请看下列类似的表达式，并注意其语气上的差异：
Thank you. 谢谢(你)。 Thanks! 谢谢!
5. 数字1～10的英文写法
1—one 2—two 3—three 4—four 5—five
6—six 7—seven 8—eight 9—nine 10—ten
6. 语法 Grammar in use
一般疑问句：
一般疑问句根据其结构又分为若干种。通过主谓倒装可将带有be的陈述句变为一般疑问句。即将be的适当形式移到主语之前，如：
陈述句：This is your watch. 这是你的手表。
疑问句：Is this your watch? 这是你的手表吗?
2.新概念英语第一册Lesson3-4自学笔记精讲解析
1.My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。
这是一个省略形式的祈使句，完整的句子应为：Give me my coat and my umbrella, please.
口语中，在语境明确的情况下通常可省略动词和间接宾语，如：
(Show me your) Ticket, please. 请出示你的票。
2.Here's your umbrella and your coat. 这是您的伞和大衣。
Here's 是 Here is的缩略形式。全句原为：Here is your umbrella and your coat.缩略形式和非缩略形式在英语的书面用语和口语中均有，但非缩略形式常用于比较正式的场合。Here's…是一种习惯用法，句中采用了倒装句式，即系动词提到了主语之前。又如 Here is my ticket 这句话用正常的语序时为 My ticket is here。
3.Sorry = I'm sorry。
这是口语中的缩略形式，通常在社交场合中用于表示对他人的歉意或某种程度的遗憾。
Sorry 和 Excuse me 虽在汉语中都可作“对不起”讲，但 sorry 常用于对自己所犯过失表示道歉，而 Excuse me 则多为表示轻微歉意的客套语。
4.Sir，先生。
这是英语中对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称。例如：在服务行业中，服务员对男顾客的称呼通常为 sir：
What can I do for you, sir? 先生，您要买什么?
Thank you, sir. 谢谢您，先生。
sir 通常用于正式信函开头的称呼中：
Dear sir 亲爱的先生 Dear sirs 亲爱的先生们/诸位先生们
Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名之前(但不用于姓氏之前)：
Sir Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士
Sir William Brown 威廉·布朗爵士
5. 数字11～15的英文写法
11—eleven 12—twelve 13—thirteen 14—fourteen 15—fifteen
6. 语法 Grammar in use
否定句：
否定陈述句与肯定陈述句相反，它表示“否定”，并且含有一个如not 之类的否定词。一个内含be的否定形式的陈述句，应在其后加 not，以构成否定句：
肯定句：This is my umbrella. 这是我的伞。
否定句：This is not my umbrella. 这不是我的伞。
针对一般疑问句的否定的简略答语是No，it's not/it isn't。此处省略和非省略形式的关系为：is not =isn't;it is = it's。
词汇学习 Word study：
1.suit n.(一套)衣服： Is this your suit? 这是你的衣服吗?
a man's suit 一套男装 a woman's suit 一套女装
2.please interjection(表示有礼貌地请求对方)请;烦劳：
My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。
Please come in. 请进。
3.新概念英语第一册Lesson5-6自学笔记精讲解析
1.Good morning.早上好。
英语中常见的问候用句。对此问候的回应一般也是Good morning。根据一天中见面时间的不同还可以说Good afternoon (下午好)和 Good evening(晚上好)。有时英美人见面时只简单地说一声Hello。
2.This is Miss Sophie Dupont.
这位是索菲娅·杜邦小姐。
This is+姓名是将某人介绍给他人时常用的句式。课文中的例子还有：
Sophie, this is Hans.
索菲娅，这位是汉斯。
And this is Naoko.
这位是直子。
3.Mr. Blake/Miss Sophie Dupont，布莱克先生/索菲娅·杜邦小姐。
英语国家中人的姓名通常由3部分组成，即：名+中间名+姓。
在一般情况下，不用中间名。在熟悉的人中间，以名相称，而在正式的场合中常用 Mr.(先生)，Mrs.(太太)，Miss(小姐)或Ms.(女士)这些称呼再加上姓。
Mr.用于男士的姓之前，不能单独使用，如课文中的 Mr.Blake;而sir 一般单独使用，是对长者、上司或男顾客的尊称，如：
Sorry, sir. 对不起，先生。
Miss 一般用于指未婚女子，不过有时在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用。
4.Nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。
用于初次与他人见面等非正式场合。对方的回应一般应为Nice to meet you，too(我也很高兴见到你)。
人们在正式的场合初次见面时常用：How do you do?相应的回答也是：How do you do?这是一句问候语，并非问话。
5.国籍与国家名称有别
请不要将国家名称和与其对应的国籍搞混。课文的 French，German，Japanese，Korean以及Chinese都是表示国籍的词。句中表示中国国籍的词应为 Chinese 而不是 China。
语法 Grammar in use：
1.特殊疑问句
以疑问词 who，what，when，which，why，where，whose，how 等引导的问句都叫特殊疑问句，也叫疑问词疑问句，有时还被称为 wh-问句(wh-question)。结构一般为：疑问词+助动词+主语+主动词等。作为疑问词的what可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等。例如以下几个问句：
What make is this car?
这辆小汽车是什么牌子的?
What nationality are you?
你是哪国人?
What is your job?
你的工作是干什么?
What colour is it?
它是什么颜色的?
What size is this skirt?
这条裙子是多大号的?
2.a 和 an
Sophie is a new student.
索菲娅是一名新学生。
This is an umbrella.
这是一把雨伞。
4.新概念英语第一册Lesson7-8自学笔记精讲解析
1.My name's = My name is。
这是自我介绍时通常使用的句型：My name is…(后面加上自己的姓名)。有时也可用I'm…这一句型。
2.Are you French，too?你也是法国人吗?
在英语中，too和either两个词都表示“也”的意思，然而too仅用于肯定句中，either 则限于用在否定句中。too和either一般都放在句末，且前面通常用逗号隔开。例如：
Is Sophie Italian, too?
索菲娅也是意大利人吗?
Is Robert a keyboard operator, too?
罗伯特也是电脑录入员吗?
3.What nationality are you?你是哪国人?
此问句用来询问对方的国籍。也可以问 Where are you from?或 Where do you come from?
4.What's your job?你是做什么工作的?
What's =What is。询问对方从事何种职业时还可以说：What do you do?
5.I'm an engineer.我是工程师。
I'm/aim/=I am。口语中经常使用这种缩略形式。英语不定冠词有两个：a，an。在发音以元音音素开头的词前面用an，在发音以辅音音素开头的词前面用a。engineer的发音是以元音音素开头的，所以前面要用an。(可参见Lessons 5～6 中的有关说明。)
6.数字16～20的英文写法
16—sixteen 17—seventeen 18—eighteen 19—nineteen 20—twenty
语法 Grammar in use：
以疑问词what所引导的特殊疑问句
(可参见 Lessons 5～6中的有关说明。)What…?这一问句可以用来询问国籍、工作等等：
What nationality are you?
你是哪国人?
What's your job?
你是干什么的?
对于以上两个问句可如下回答：
I'm Swedish.
我是瑞典人。
I'm an air hostess.
我是一名空中小姐。
现在不妨改用第3人称单数来进行类似的问答：
词汇学习 Word study：
1.job n.(1)职业：
What's your job? 你是做什么工作的?
(2)(一件)工作，活计：
The whole job takes about 40 minutes.
整个工作大约需要四十分钟。
(3)职责：
It's your job to be on time.
准时是你应该做到的事。
2.nurse
(1)n.护士;照料者：
Is she a nurse or a housewife?
她是护士还是家庭主妇?
(2)v.照料;照看：
All her time goes into nursing her child.
她把全部时间都花于照看自己的孩子上了。
(3)v .养护;培养：
nurse a young tree 养护树苗
nurse an author of promise 培养有前途的作家
练习答案 Key to written exercises：
Lesson 8
A
1 My name is Robert. I am a student. I am Italian.
2 Sophie is not Italian. She is French.
3 Mr. Black is my teacher. He is not French.
B
1 What's his job? Is he a policeman? Yes, he is.
2 What's her job? Is she a policewoman? Yes, she is.
3 What's his job? Is he a taxi driver? Yes, he is.
4 What's her job? Is she an air hostess? Yes, she is.
5 What's his job? Is he a postman? Yes, he is.
6 What's her job? Is she a nurse? Yes, she is.
7 What's his job? Is he a mechanic? Yes, he is.
8 What's his job? Is he a hairdresser? Yes, he is.
9 What's her job? Is she a housewife? Yes, she is.
10 What's his job? Is he a milkman? Yes, he is.
5.新概念英语第一册Lesson9-10自学笔记精讲解析
1.How are you today?你今天好吗?
这是朋友或相识的人之间见面时问对方身体情况的寒暄话，一般回答语为：
Fine, thank you. 很好，谢谢。
I'm fine, thank you. 很好，谢谢。
I'm very well, thank you. 很好，谢谢。
如问及对方的先生或太太的情况，可以说 How is Tony?或How's Emma?等。
相应的回答可为 He's fine，thanks 或 She's very well，thank you等。
2.And you?你好吗?
是And how are you?的简略说法。在回答对方问候健康的话之后反问时用。
3.数字21与22的英文写法
21—twenty-one 22—twenty-two
语法 Grammar in use：
1.How…? 的一些社交上的用法
how 是一个表示“如何”的疑问词，可以用来引导一些用于社交场合的套话：
(1)用于询问健康状况或一般生活情况：
How are you? 你好吗?
How is Helen today? 海伦今天好吗?
How have you been? 你一向可好?
(2)How do you do?(你好吗?)是正式介绍中的一句套话，从不用来询问健康：
(3)how 经常用在询问目前状况的疑问句里，如：
How's life? 生活如何?
How are things? 情况怎样?
How's work? 工作怎么样?
2.形容词的意义与作用
(1)形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等。我们用形容词说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。例如，形容词可以表示质量、大小、新旧、温度、形状、颜色、产地。
(2)许多形容词可用以回答 What…like?这样的问题，并可根据上下文给出笼统的或确切的信息。
(3)英语中形容词作定语时一般置于名词之前，如：
a young nurse 一位年轻的护士 an old mechanic 一位老机械师
a lazy housewife 一个懒惰的家庭主妇 a thin woman 一个瘦瘦的女人
词汇学习 Word study：
1.look v. (1)看，瞧，观，望：
Look at that man. Is he thin?
瞧那个男人。他瘦吗?
Look carefully before you cross the street.
过马路前要仔细看清来往车辆。
(2)面向，朝向：
The room looks on the sea.
房间面向大海。
Two windows look to the south.
两扇窗子朝南。
2.fine adj. (1)健康的;舒适的：
How is Steven today?
史蒂文今天怎么样?
(2)极好的，优秀的：
a fine view 美好的景色
a fine teacher 一位优秀教师
(3)优雅的，雅致的：
He is a man with fine manners.
他是一个举止优雅的男人。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 10
A
1 Mr. Blake isn't a student. He's a teacher.
2 This isn't my umbrella. It's your umbrella.
3 Sophie isn't a teacher. She's a keyboard operator.
4 Steven isn't cold. He's hot.
5 Naoko isn't Chinese. She's Japanese.
6 This isn't a German car. It's a Swedish car.
B
1 Look at that man. He's very fat.
2 Look at that woman. She's very thin.
3 Look at that policeman. He's very tall.
4 Look at that policewoman. She's very short.
5 Look at that mechanic. He's very dirty.
6 Look at that nurse. She's very clean.
7 Look at Steven. He's very hot.
8 Look at Emma. She's very cold.
9 Look at that milkman. He's very old.
10 Look at that air hostess. She's very young.
11 Look at that hairdresser. He's very busy.
6.新概念英语第一册Lesson11-12自学笔记精讲解析
1.Whose shirt is that?那是谁的衬衫?
这是特殊疑问句。读时用降调。
2.Yes，sir?什么事，先生?
请参见 Lessons 1～2课文详注以及 Lessons 3～4课文详注。
3.Here you are.给你。
是给对方东西时的习惯用语。递给对方东西或对方在找某物而你指出该物在什么地方时，往往用这种表达方式。也可以说：Here it is(指单数的物)或 Here they are(指复数的物)。句中的are和is一般应重读。
4.非省略形式和省略形式之间的关系
it is not = it isn't = it's not。
5.数字30的英文写法 30 —thirty
语法 Grammar in use
1.以疑问词 whose 引导的特殊疑问句
(1)用来询问所有关系。所有者总是一个人而且期望得到的回答是某人的名字加-'s形式(如 Tim's蒂姆的)，或者是一个所有格代词(如 mine我的)。
(2)这时 whose 也可在句子中作表语。
(3)当所有关系中指的是某件东西或某种物质时，whose后面的名词可以省略。
2.所有格形容词和所有格代词
(1)所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有，即某人或某物属于某一个人，回答以whose引导的问句。所有格形容词my，your等是限定词，必须始终放在名词之前，只能作定语。它们的形式取决于所有者，而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词mine，yours等不能用在名词前，并且在说话时要加重语气。它们指人或物，单数或复数都一样。如：
This is my car.
这是我的汽车。(定语)
That is her coat.
这是她的上衣。(定语)
Your car is red，mine is blue.
你的车是红色的，我的是蓝色的。(主语)
This book is his，not yours. 这本书是他的，不是你的。(表语)
I have my way, and she has hers. 我有我的处事方式，她有她的。(宾语)
(2)名词所有格是在词尾加-'s构成的，不仅可作定语，还可作表语：
Is this Dave's shirt?
这是戴夫的衬衫吗?(作定语)
Whose is that shirt? Is it your daughter's?
那条裙子是谁的?是你女儿的吗?(作表语)
词汇学习 Word study：
1.perhaps adv. 或许，大概，可能：
Perhaps it is, sir.
也许是，先生。
Perhaps it will rain.
也许要下雨了。
Perhaps it's Sophie's handbag.
也许这是索菲娅的手提包。
2.catch v. (1)接住，拦住：
Catch! 接着!
(2)逮住，捕获：
catch a thief 捉住一个贼
(3)染上(疾病)：
catch a cold 伤风
I have caught a bad cold.
我得了重感冒。
练习答案 Key to written exercises：
Lesson 12
A
1 Stella is here. That is her car.
2 Excuse me, Steven. Is this your umbrella?
3 I am an air hostess. My name is Britt.
4 Paul is here, too. That is his coat.
B
1 Whose is this handbag? It's Stella 's. It's her handbag.
2 Whose is this car? It's Paul's. It's his car.
3 Whose is this coat? It's Sophie 's. It's her coat.
4 Whose is this umbrella? It's Steven's. It's his umbrella.
5 Whose is this pen? It's my daughter's. It's her pen.
6 Whose is this dress? It's my son's. It's his dress.
7 Whose is this suit? It's my father's. It's his suit.
8 Whose is this skirt? It's my mother's. It's her skirt.
9 Whose is this blouse? It's my sister's. It's her blouse.
10 Whose is this tie? It's my brother's. It's his tie.
11 Whose is this pen? It's Sophie's. It's her pen.
12 Whose is this pencil? It's Hans'. It's his pencil.
7.新概念英语第一册Lesson13-14自学笔记精讲解析
1.It's the same colour.一样的颜色。
same 通常与定冠词the连用，表示“同一的”、“相同的”
two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男孩子
We live in the same city. 我们住在同一个城市里。
2.That is a lovely hat!真是一顶可爱的帽子!
句末用的是惊叹号，表现出较强的感情 色彩。句中的 is 用斜体，是为了强调，应重读。
3.数字 40，50，60，70，80，90，100，101的英文写法
40—forty 50—fifty 60—sixty 70—seventy 80—eighty 90—ninety
100—a hundred 101—a hundred and one
语法 Grammar in use：
1.what colour(s)引导的特殊疑问句
(可参见 Lessons 5～6语法中有关特殊疑问句的说明。)
以疑问词 what引导的 What colour…?和 What colours…?
类型的特殊疑问句式用于询问颜色。又如：
What colour is Anna's hat? 安娜的帽子是什么颜色的?
What colour's Helen's dog? 海伦的狗是什么颜色的?
What colour's your shirt? 你的衬衣是什么颜色的?
What colour is it? 它是什么颜色的?
2.祈使句
(1)祈使句的主语通常不直接表示出来，其谓语动词用原型。祈使句用来表示请求、建议、命令、叮嘱等。如：
Follow me. 跟我来。
Shut the door, please. 请关门。
Look out! 当心!
Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地!
Help yourself. 请自己动手。
(2)某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词，而不是后跟人们预料的带to的动词不定式结构：
Come and see this goldfish.
来看这条金鱼。(不用 Come to see)
Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.
去给自己买双新鞋吧。(不用 Go to buy)
Wait and see.
等着瞧吧。(不用 Wait to see)
词汇学习 Word study
1.nice adj.
(1)美好的，好看的：
It's a nice day today, isn't it? 今天天气真好，不是吗?
That's a nice dress. 那件连衣裙真好看。
(2)和蔼的，友好的：
He is very nice to his neighbours. 他对邻居很友善。
(3)使人高兴的，令人愉快的：
It is so nice to have you here. 你能在这儿真是太好了。
Have a nice time! 祝你玩得痛快点!
2.smart adj.
(1)漂亮的，时髦的，巧妙的：
Anna's hat is smart. 安娜的帽子漂亮而别致。
You look smart in that new dress. 你穿那件新连衣裙看上去时髦而洒脱
(2)聪明的，伶俐的，精明的：
She is a smart student. 她是一名聪颖的学生。
He is a smart businessman. 他是一位精明的商人。
练习答案 Key to written exercises：
Lesson 14
A
1 This is Paul's car.
2 This is Sophie's coat.
3 This is Helen's dog.
4 This is my father's suit.
5 This is my daughter's dress.
B
1 What colour's Steven's car? His car's blue.
2 What colour's Tim's shirt? His shirt's white.
3 What colour's Sophie s coat? Her coat's grey.
4 What colour's Mrs. White's carpet? Her carpet's red.
5 What colour's Dave's tie? His tie's orange.
6 What colour's Steven's hat? His hat is grey and black.
7 What colour's Helen's dog? Her dog's brown and white.
8 What colour's Hans' pen? His pen's green.
9 What colour's Luming's suit? His suit's grey.
10 What colour's Stella's pencil? Her pencil's blue.
11 What colour's Xiaohui's handbag? Her handbag's brown.
12 What colour's Sophie 's skirt? Her skirt's yellow.
8.新概念英语第一册Lesson15-16自学笔记精讲解析
1.Your passports，please.请出示你们的护照。
请参见 Lessons 3～4课文详注。
2.Here they are.给您。
本句中的 they指 passports。请参见 Lessons 11～12课文详注。
3.名词的复数形式(1)
英语中可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，指一个以上的事物时用复数形式。可数名词的复数形式一般是在单数名词后面加上-s，如课文中的friend—friends/frendz/，tourist—tourists/'tu+rists/，case—cases/'keisiz/。请注意-s的不同发音。如果名词是以-s结尾的，变成复数时则要加-es，如dress—dresses/'dresiz/，blouse—blouses/'blauziz/。
语法 Grammar in use：
1.表示复数的-s或-es一般遵循的发音规则
(1)如果名词词尾的发音是一个清辅音(如/f/，/k/，/p/，/t/，/I/;但/s/，/M/，/tM/除外)，-s发/s/的音，如：
books/buks/ suits/su:ts/
(2)如果名词词尾的发音是一个浊辅音(如/b/，/d/，/g/，/l/，/m/，/n/，/R/;但/z/，/N/，/DN/除外)或元音，-s发/z/的音，如：
ties /taiz/ dogs /d&gz/
(3)如果名词词尾的发音是/s/，/z/，/M/，/N/，/tM/或/DN/，-s发/iz/的音，如：
dresses/'dresz/ blouses/'bluziz/
词汇学习 Word study：
1.blue adj. (1)蓝色的，蔚蓝的：
The sea is deep blue.
大海呈深蓝色。
He wears a blue tie.
他打一条蓝色的领带。
(2)沮丧的，忧郁的：
He looks a bit blue.
他看上去有点儿忧郁。
His mood is blue.
他的情绪低落。
2.grey adj. (1)灰色的，偏灰的：
His hat is grey.
他的帽子是灰色的。
(2)头发灰白的：
Her hair is grey.
她的头发灰白。
(3)面色苍白的：
Tony looks grey and tired.
托尼面色苍白，显得疲惫。
练习答案 Key to written exercises：
Lesson 16
A
1 It is an English car.
2 It is a Japanese car.
3 It is an Italian car.
4 It is a French car.
5 It is an American car.
6 Robert is not a teacher.
B
1 What colour are your shirts? Our shirts are white.
2 What colour are your coats? Our coats are grey.
3 What colour are your tickets? Our tickets are yellow.
4 What colour are your suits? Our suits are blue.
5 What colour are your hats? Our hats are black and grey.
6 What colour are your passports? Our passports are green.
7 What colour are your umbrellas? Our umbrellas are black.
8 What colour are your handbags? Our handbags are white.
9 What colour are your ties? Our ties are orange.
10 What colour are your dogs? Our dogs are brown and white.
11 What colour are your pens? Our pens are blue.
12 What colour are your cars? Our cars are red.
9.新概念英语第一册Lesson17-18自学笔记精讲解析
1.How do you do?您好。
这是用于第一次见面时的较正式用语。一般用同样的话来回答。请参见 Lessons 5-6课文详注。
2.Come and meet our employees…来见见我们的雇员……
这里的and表示目的。请参见 Lessons 13-14中语法部分的解释。
3.This is Nicola Grey，and this is Claire Taylor.这位是尼古拉·格雷，这位是克莱尔·泰勒。
这是介绍人们彼此认识时的常用句型。请参见 Lessons 5-6课文详注。
4.名词的复数形式(2)
如果名词单数词尾为-f或-fe(读作/f/)，则其复数一律变为-ves (读作/vz/)，即将-f或-fe变成-v，再加-es而成，如 housewife housewives。
语法 Grammar in use：
1.who 引导的特殊疑问句
Who is…?或 Who are…?这类以疑问词 who引导的疑问句通常用来询问人的姓名和身份。Who…?仅指人，可以用来询问男性、女性、单数或复数的人。
注意这种句型与 What is…?或 What are…?这类句型的区别：What…?句型主要用来询问人的类别或职业。请参见 Lessons 5～6与 Lessons 7～8语法部分的解释。
2.所有格形容词与人称代词
所有格形容词their 意为“他们的”，其对应的人称代词是they。请参见Lessons 11～12语法部分。
词汇学习 Word study：
1.custom n.风俗;习惯;
When visiting a foreign country, we might find the country's customs strange to us.
当我们去外国访问时，我们也许会发现该国的某些风俗习惯有些奇怪。
It is his custom to go for a walk in the evenings.
他惯常在晚上出去散步。
2.customs, Customs n. [复]海关;征收关税的程序：
The spy was stopped at the Customs and questioned.
那个间谍在海关被截住并被加以盘问。
How long will it usually take to pass the Customs?
通过海关检查通常要花费多少时间?
练习答案 Key to written exercises：
Lesson 18
A
1 That man is tall. He is a policeman.
2 Those girls are busy. They are keyboard operators.
3 Our names are Britt and Inge. We are Swedish.
4 Look at our office assistant. He is very hard-working.
5 Look at Nicola. She is very pretty.
6 Michael Baker and Jeremy Short are employees. They are sales reps.
B
1 Are they keyboard operators or air hostesses?
They aren't keyboard operators. They're air hostesses.
2 Are they postmen or policemen?
They aren't postmen. They're policemen.
3 Are they policewomen or nurses?
They aren't policewomen. They're nurses.
4 Are they customs officers or hairdressers?
They aren't customs officers. They're hairdressers.
5 Are they hairdressers or teachers?
They aren't hairdressers. They're teachers.
6 Are they engineers or taxi drivers?
They aren't engineers. They're taxi drivers.
7 Are they policewomen or keyboard operators?
They aren't policewomen. They're keyboard operators.
8 Are they milkmen or engineers?
They aren't milkmen. They're engineers.
9 Are they policemen or milkmen?
They aren't policemen. They're milkmen.
10 Are they nurses or housewives?
They aren't nurses. They're housewives.
10.新概念英语第一册Lesson19-20自学笔记精讲解析
1.What's the matter?怎么啦?
相当于 What's wrong?或 Tell me what's wrong。这个句型通常用来询问发生了什么事。假如要特别提及某人，可以在后面加上介词with，如：
What's the matter with you?
你怎么啦?
What's the matter with Claire?
克莱尔怎么啦?
2.Mum，儿语中小孩子对母亲的称呼。
与此相似，dad是对父亲的儿语称呼。
3.There's = There is。
它表示“有”、“存在”，为 there + be结构的一般现在时缩略形式。
4.Two ice creams please.
请拿两份冰淇淋。
相当于 Give us two ice creams，please。请参见 Lessons 3-4课文注释。ice cream是物质名词。物质名词前加不定冠词 a或基数词表示一种、一份、一客、一类、一阵等。
语法 Grammar in use：
1.there +be结构(1)
在说明或询问人、物等的存在时即可使用there +be结构。说There's an ice cream man比说An ice cream man is there更合乎习惯，也更为自然。there +be结构可将重要的新信息置于句末，以示强调。此结构中的实际主语是be后面的名词。因此，假如该名词是单数就用is，如是复数则为are。
2.人称代词与be
英文中系动词be(是)必须根据不同的人称代词作相应的变化。请参见Lessons15～16语法部分中有关be的一般现在时形式的内容，包括某些缩略形式，如：they are not =they aren't =they're not，we are not = we aren't =we're not。
词汇学习 Word study：
1.thirsty adj. (1)渴的，口干的：
We're tired and thirsty. 我们又累又渴。
(2)(土地等)干旱的：
a dry and thirsty land 干旱的土地
(3)渴望的，渴求的(for，after)：
The students there are thirsty for knowledge.
那里的学生有强烈的求知欲。
2.matter n. (1)事情，事件：
It's a private matter. 这是件私事。
He's not very interested in financial matters.
他对财政方面的事情并不太感兴趣。
(2)麻烦事，困难：
What's the matter, Anna? 怎么了，安娜?
What's the matter with Steven? 史蒂文是怎么回事?
练习答案 Key to written exercises：
Lesson 20
A
1 Those children are tired.
2 Their mother is tired, too.
3 That ice cream man is very busy.
4 His ice creams are very nice.
5 What's the matter, children? We are thirsty.
6 What's the matter, Tim? I am tired.
B
1 Are the children tired or thirsty?
They're not tired. They're thirsty.
2 Are the postmen cold or hot?
They're not cold. They're hot.
3 Are the hairdressers thin or fat?
They're not thin. They're fat.
4 Are the shoes small or big?
They're not small. They're big.
5 Are the shops shut or open?
They're not shut. They're open.
6 Are his cases heavy or light?
They're not heavy. They're light.
7 Are grandmother and grandfather young or old?
They're not young. They're old.
8 Are their hats old or new?
They're not old. They're new.
9 Are the policemen short or tall?
They're not short. They're tall.
10 Are his trousers short or long?
They're not short. They're long.
新概念英语第一册Lesson1-20自学笔记精讲解析.doc
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