【用法详解】
一、used to
(一)基本用法
used to do用来表示过去常常或习惯做某事,所以在使用时,关键是要判断所要描述的动作是否发生在过去。如:
他小时候在一家小铺里工作。
上句中的“小时候”说明动作发生在过去,所以可以这么翻译:
As a boy he used to workin a small shop.
再比如:
他那时一天通常要工作14个小时。
上句中的“那时”说明动作是发生在过去的,所以可以这么翻译:
At that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.
(二)句型转换
used在英语语法里也被称作半情态动词,因为它既可以用作情态动词,也可以用作实义动词,所以在进行句型转换时要注意到底是哪种情况。
1、用作情态动词时
这时,used的用法就跟can/must等差不多了。如:
肯定句:He used to smoke a lotwhen he was in the college.
否定句:He usedn't to smoke a lot when he was in the college.
一般疑问句及其回答:Used he to smoke a lot when he was in the college? Yes, he used. / No, he usedn't.
2、用作实义动词时
这时,它的用法就跟其他实义动词一样了。如:
肯定句:He used to smoke a lot when he was in the college.
否定句:He didn't use to smoke a lot when he was in the college.
一般疑问句及其回答:Did he use to smoke a lot when he was in the college? Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.
二、be used to
be used to有两种情况:
(一)be used to do
be used to do表示被用来做某事,属于被动语态的用法。如:
The pot is used to plant flowers. 这个陶罐是用来种花的。
(二)be used to doing
1、基本用法
be used to doing表示的是现在常常或习惯做某事,与used to do不同的是,be used to doing中的to是个介词,所以后面跟动词时,要用动名词形式,而used to do中的to是不定式。如:
She is used to talking nonstop when she is excited. (她兴奋时总爱说个不停。)
2、句型转换
与used to do不同的是,be used to doing中的be是助动词,所以在进行句型转换时,主要通过be的变化和调整来实现。如:
肯定句:I am used to drinking coffee during the break at noon.
否定句:I'm not used to drinking coffee during the break at noon.
一般疑问句及其回答:Are you used to drinking coffee during the break at noon? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.