高考英语易错词汇变形-2017年高考英语易错词汇短语辨析(15)

副标题:2017年高考英语易错词汇短语辨析(15)

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whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句   一、基本用法概说   英语中的-ever 词主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等,其中可引导名词性从句的主要有whatever, whoever,whichever.这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从句,它们通常不用于引导同位语从句,同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如:   Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。(引导主语从句)   I don‘t believe whatever he said. 无论他说什么我都不信。(引导宾语从句)   在某些特定的语境中,也可用于引导表语从句。如:   What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。   二、whatever引导的名词性从句   whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”,可视为what的强调说法,其含义大致相当于anything that,whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。如:   Do whatever she tells you and you‘ll have peace. 她叫你干什么你就干什么,那你就太平了。   I don‘t believe in letting children do whatever they like. 我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。   Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。   三、whoever引导的名词性从句   whoever的意思“任何……的人”,在意义上大致相当于 anybody who.whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如:   I‘ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。   Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。   She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。   I‘ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票,我就把它给谁。   Tell whoever you like — it makes no difference to me. 你爱告诉谁就告诉谁吧,对我是无所谓的。   注:whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。另外,注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:谁赢了都可以获奖。   误:Who wins can get a prize.误:Anyone wins can get a prize.正:Whoever wins can get a prize.正:Anyone who wins can get a prize.   四、whichever引导的名词性从句   whichever的意思“……的那个人或事物”,在意义上大致相当于 the person or the thing that.whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。如:You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。   Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖。   We‘ll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。   Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。   五、引导状语从句的用法   whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外,还可用于引导状语从句,分别相当于 no matter what, no matter who, no matter which.如:I‘ll stand by you whatever [=no matter what] happens. 无论如何我都支持你。   Whoever [=No matter who] wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I‘m busy. 不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙。   Whichever [=No matter which] you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管买哪个都有六个月的保修期。

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