2016六级考试语法复习:不定式

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2016六级考试语法复习:不定式

1.不定式做主语 
(1)引导逻辑主语的介词:不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导: 
absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如: 
It’s clever of you to have invented such a device. 
(2)不定式做主语补足语: 
掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间,并采用相应形式。如: be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.

2.不定式做宾语 
掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词: 
afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。如: 
Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.

3.不定式做定语 
(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时,该名词用不定式做定语。如: 
the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性 
(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语,相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如: tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do 
This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used. 
(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语,相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如: ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……” curiosity to do “对……的好奇心”→be curious to do“对……好奇” ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……” 
According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation. 
(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语,这些名词包括: 
way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动),effort等。如:I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem. (5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如: Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.

4.不定式做状语 
不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。 
(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)结构引导目的状语,so as to不能臵于句首。如: (2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to结构做程度状语。如: 
The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed. 
(3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾,表示不愉快的结果,有时用only加强语气。常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如: 
Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked. 
(4)not/never too… to, too… not to, but/only too…to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义。如: 
I am only too pleased to hear from you further.

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