高一英语必修1知识点-高一英语必修四知识点重点解析：NewZealand

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一、课文背景知识

“新西兰人分别来自许多不同的文化背景，同时以热情和友善而享誉国际，美丽的田园、清洁的环境、健康的生活方式以及多元文化社区使新西兰成为来自世界各地移民的理想国家。”

这既是广告词，更是新西兰的真实写照。1997年，在一项对全球高级管理人员进行的调查中，新西兰的奥克兰市在最喜欢居住的城市中名列第二;一项由全球的人力资源公司william M. Mercer 进行的全球生活素质城市的研究报告中指出，新西兰的奥克兰市的生活素质排名全球第五，与悉尼、日内瓦、哥本哈根等齐名;另外，由加拿大 Fraser Institute 研究所、美国和新加坡并列为全球最自由的经济体，而新西兰则紧随其后，名列第二，第三到第十位分别是：美国、英国、爱尔兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、荷兰、卢森堡及瑞士。

新西兰很接近国际日界线，北岛的岛屿和镇，是全球、最先迎接新一天来到的地方。新西兰是南太平洋上一个景色如画的岛国，形状很象一只倒悬的长筒高根皮靴，距澳大利亚1600公里，新西兰主要由北岛和南岛组成，库克海峡将两岛分开，还有许多较小的岛屿，陆地总面积为270，500平方公里，面积大小与日本及英国相仿，但人口密度远低于后者。由于新西兰的大部分出口产品是农产品，人们通常认为新西兰是一个农业国家，实际上新西兰是一个高度城市化的国家，百分之八十五的人口生活在城镇里，大多数人就业在工业、商业或服务业。

新西兰拥有着许多令人激动的自然景观，从冰川到雨林，从峡湾到温泉，从火山到峡谷，从南阿尔卑斯山动人的景观到岛屿湾美丽的海岸线，更让人惊奇的是，将近三分之一的新西兰国土是国家公园或自然保护区，新西兰被誉为世界上最后一处“天堂”。

关于历史，波利尼夕亚定居者约在公元十世纪最先来到新西兰(毛利过名为“长白云之乡)。到公元十二世纪，全国受青睐的地区已分布了许多定居点：1642年，荷兰航海家阿贝尔.塔斯曼发现了长白云之乡，并以荷兰一个地区的名字命名这块土地为，他绘制了部分西海岸的区的地图，但并未在此登陆;1769年，英国海军舰长詹姆斯.库克及船员成为首先踏足新西兰土地的欧洲人，随后，捕捞海报和鲸鱼的人们也来到这里，新西兰的国家标志是不会飞的土生“几维鸟”，有时“几维”被用作新西兰的同义语。

新西兰的非欧洲人社团是本地的毛利人——新西兰最早的定居者和开拓者，毛利人是1000多年以前最早在新西兰定居的人，他们又叫做“塔加塔.胡奴阿”，即“大地之民”，欧洲*约在1769年以后移居到此，毛利人的文化、艺术和传统是新西兰遗产中的重要部分。新西兰的教育体制被视为世界上的教育体制之一，他们通过学校、大学、技工学院和其他教育机构提供高质量教育，新西兰的教育体系源于英国的传统教育体制，全国实行同意的教育体系，教育经费开支占政府开支第三位。

二、疑难详解

1. It is made up of two large islands: North Island and South Island.这个国家是由两座大岛组成的;北岛和男岛。

[问]be made up of 和be made of (from)有何区别?

[答]be made up of 意为“由……组成”，表示由若干部分组成一个新的整体，be made of/from 意为“由……制成”，如：

Could are made up of water. 云是水构成的。

Desk are made of wood. 课桌是木制的。

be made into 意为“被制成……”如：

Some plants can be made into paper. 有些植物可以被制成纸张。

2. New Zealand is surrouded by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east , and the Tasman Sea to the south and west. 新西兰以北和以东由太平洋环绕，南面和西面是塔斯马海，

[问]表示方位的介词常用的有哪些?[答]介词to，to，in常用来表示地理方位，注意学会和掌握她们的用法。

a. A地位于B地境内以东(南、西、北)：A lies/is in the east /south /west/north of B.

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。(在中国境内)

b. A地位于B地境内以东(南、西、北)： A lies /is in the east /south /west/north of B.

Britain is to the east of Ireland . 不列颠位于爱尔兰的东面，(不在同一境内)

c. A地与B地的东(南、西、北)部接壤：A lies/is on the east/south /west /north of B.

Wales lies to the west of England. 威尔士位于英格兰的西边。(两者相邻)

另外， lie on 还可表示“位于……之畔”。如：

Wuhan lies on the Changjiang River. 武汉坐落在长江之畔。

3. Other important cities are Auckland in the north ,Christ-church on the South Island and Queenstown, further in the south. 其他重要城市有北方的奥克兰， 南岛的克赖斯特彻奇和远在南方的昆士城。

[问]句中的further作何理解?它与farther有何区别?

[答]further在此用作副词，修饰介词短语 in the south, 表示“远在南方，深入南方内地”， 又如：

Can you walk further into the forest? 你能再往森林深处走走吗?

farther 和further都是far 的比较级，可用作形容词或副词，都可以指空间或时间上的距离，意为”更远的(地)”， 但farther比further更普遍些，如：

On the farther/further side of the street there was a large shop

在街道的那一头有一家商店。

further还可以用于抽象意义，表示“进一步”，这时不能用farther, 如：

They want to get further information. 他们想得到进一步的信息。

4. The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs, some of which throw hot water high into the air.北岛以温泉而著称，有些温泉将热水*到很高的空中。

[问]句中的some of which 是什么结构?

[答]some of which 是“代词(或名词)+介词 + 关系代词”在句中引导非限制性定语从句。当先行词为人时，关系嗲次用whom， 当先行词为物时， 关系代词用which，注意介词后不能用that。又如：

Here are a lot of stones, must of which will be used to build a bridge. 这儿有许多石头，其中多数将用来建桥。

There are about 100 teachers in our school, many of whom are women. 我们学校约有100名教师，其中许多是妇女。

5. Some of these heat near the earth's surface is used to make electricity. 接近地球表面的有些热能被用来发电。

[问]be used to do sth. 和be used to doing sth 有什么区别?

[答]be used to do sth 意为“……被用来做某事”， 其中to do sth. 是动词不定式作目的状语，如：

This piece of wood is used to keep rain water. 这块木版是用来挡雨水的。

Grass can be used to make paper. 草可以用来造纸。

而be used to doing sth. 是“习惯于……”的意思，其中to 是介词，后接名词或动词ing形式，它是个表示状态的词组，若要表示由不习惯到习惯这一变化的动作，则换为get/become used to。这个结构可用于各种时态。例如：

Soon you will get/become used to living in the countrey. 很快你就会习惯于乡村生活了。

I was not used to being called a lazy fellow. 我原来不习惯于人家称我为懒汉。

另外还要注意：在used to do sth 结构中， used to 是情态动词，表示过去常常做某事，侧重于和现在对照，意思是“过去常常……(但现在不)”，可以谈动作，也可以谈状态。例如：

They used to mod to each other when they met. 他们过去遇到时，总是彼此点点头。

因此，不要将实义动词use与used to 及be used to 混淆。试比较：

Coal is used to cook food. 煤用来生火做饭。 (实义动词，不定式为目的状语)

She is used to cooking food with coal. 她习惯于用煤生火做饭。

She used to cook food with coal. 她过去总是用煤生火做饭。

【同步练习题】

一、完型填空

Stop and see! Where do you 1 most of your time! You work, watch TV, play computer games, and sleep-all 2 . It’s easy 3 , but there is a whole new world outside your door. The best way to 4 it is to go backpacking.

Backpacking means to go hiking on foot. You 5 only what you can __6 _ your back. Are you eager to get 7 ? Wait a minute! Before you go 8 , you should 9 some basic equipment. First you 10 some comfortable shoes 11 boots. Always carry a waterproof jacket or poncho, especially hiking in a 12 , or if the weather forecast 13 for rain. Finally, you need a backpack or daypack. It's also a good idea to 14 a compass, a leakproof water bottle, and a map.

15 hikes are the easiest to organize. Arrange a trip with a small group of friends. Remember! Hiking in a group is safer than hiking 16 . Decide how far you will go. For most people, a distance of 10 to 12 miles 17 in a day if they are already used to 18 .

Wherever you go, 19 yourself. You 20 tired when you get home, but you’ll soon be planning another hike.

1.A.spend　　B.cost　　C. take　　D. waste

2.A.indoor　　B.indoors　　C. outdoor　　D. outdoors

3.A.forget　　B. for forgetting　　C.to be forgotten　　D.to forget

4.A.find out　　B.discover　　C. explore　　D. study

5.A.take　　B.fetch　　C. bring　　D. carry

6.A.carry　　B. put on　　C. carry on　　D. put

7.A.start　　B. started　　C. starting　　D. starts

8.A.anywhere　　B.everywhere　　C.somewhere　　D.some where

9.A.collect　　B.take　　C.gather　　D. prepare

10.A.have　　B.need　　C. own　　D. buy

11.A.or　　B. and　　C. either　　D. with

12.A.cold weather　B. wet climate　C. raining weather　D. cold climate

13.A.call　　B. calls　　C.calling　　D. will call

14.A.have　　B.buy　　C.keep　　D. be with

15.A.One day　　B.A day　　C. One-day　　D. A-day

16.A.lonely　　B.lone　　C. loneliness　　D. alone

17.A.is far enough　　B. are far enough　　C. is enough far　　D. are enough far

18.A.walk　　B.walks　　C.walked　　D. walking

19.A.enjoy　　B.happy　　C.help　　D. love

20.A.maybe　　B.may be　　C. must be　　D. will be

答案：1～5 ABDBA 6～10 CCAAB 11～15 ACBAC 16～20 DADAB

二、阅读理解

New Zealand is an English-speaking country. But the government recognizes another language, too. This is the Maori language. English sailors began to visit New Zealand after 1770. They found a dark-skinned people living there. These were the Maori. They had come from islands in the Pacific Ocean 400 years before -in the 14th century.

For a long time the British government was not very interested in there far away islands. It was made a British colony(殖民地) in 1840. In this year the first British people came to settle in the new country. More and more settlers came from Britain later.

The Maoris were friendly to the first settlers. But soon the new settlers wanted the Maoris 'land. So in 1844 there was fighting between them. This was the first of several wars between the two people. The next 50 years were very bad for Maoris. Many were killed in the wars. Many more died from the new diseases brought by the British. In 1840 there were perhaps 200 000 Maoris. By 1896 this number had fallen to 42 000.

By this century the two people have lived in peace. For many years the “British” New Zealanders looked down on the Maoris. But in recent years they have had equal rights, and the Maori language is one of the languages of the country with English. Today there are about a quarter of a million Maoris, that is, about 9% of the population. Most of them live on North Island. They have a rich culture and a great love of singing and dancing.

1. The Maoris began to live in New Zealand ________.

A. after 1770　　B. before 400　　C. in the 1300s　　D. 1 400 years ago

2. After the first visit to New Zealand, the British government showed little interest in it because ________.

A. there were dark-skinned people living there

B. New Zealand was an island country

C. the Maoris did not know the English language

D. it was too far away from Britain

3. When the British settlers first came to New Zealand, the native people________.

A. were afraid of them B. were kind to them

C. hated them D. fought against them

4. Wars between the Maoris and the British settlers _______

A. broke out in 1840

B. made 42 000 Maoris lost their lives

C. brought diseases to Maoris

D. lasted more than fifty years

5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. After the war New Zealand became a British colony.

B. Maoris can speak both English and Maoris language.

C. About 250 000 Maoris are now living in New Zealand.

D. Maoris are allowed to keep their own language.

答案：1-5 CDBDB

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