2017年高考英语备考教学观摩|2017年高考英语备考：if虚拟语气的用法解析

虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气) If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. (真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气) If I were you, I would go at once. (非真实条件状语从句) If there were no air, people would die. (非真实条件状语从句) 总结就是 四个字:主将从现,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时. 2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 ① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
　　(条件)从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 谓语动词用一般过去式 (be用were) should/would/could/might 动词原形(过去将来时) eg. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你) If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实:不知道) If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物.(事实:地球上既有空气也有水) If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些.(事实:没带钱) If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了.(事实:学习不用功) ②表示与过去事实相反的情况
　　从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 had 过去分词(过去完成时) should/would/could/might have 过去分词(现在完成将来时)(过去将来完成时)
　　eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她.(事实:去晚了) If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实:没有听我的话) ③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)
　　从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 If 主语 ① should 动词 ② did ③were to do
　　(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小,
　　should/would/ could/might 动词原形
　　eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈.(事实:来的可能性很小) If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了.(事实:不知能否下雪) If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末. 在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,"should 动词原形"构成,should 可省略. [编辑本段]虚拟语气的其他用法
　　①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑.(事实:我根本比不上你) b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had v-ed eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相.(事实:原来不知道) c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词:should/would 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会.(事实:很难再有这样的机会了) ②虚拟语气用在一坚持(insist) 二命令(order. command) 三建议(advise. suggest. propose) 四要求(demand. require. request. desire)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”. 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice 注:insist如果翻译成坚持做才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持说就不用虚拟语气. 如:He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生. 这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气. suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气. 如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心. 这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气. ③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surpring. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等. 句型:It is.that 结构后的主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should 原型 或只用动词原型. ④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用.

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