2022年12月英语四级仔细阅读模拟练习

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1.2022年12月英语四级仔细阅读模拟练习

　　Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil,water and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world:

　　We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farmworkers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

　　Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs, " says a wise physician, Dr Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."

　　练习题：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man…is part of nature" (Para. 1, Lines 3-4)?

　　A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.

　　B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.

　　C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.

　　D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental effects of pesticides?

　　2. What is the author"s attitude toward the environmental effects of pesticides?

　　A. Pessimistic

　　B. Indifferent

　　C. Defensive

　　D. Concerned

　　3. In the author"s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.

　　A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides

　　B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

　　C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention

　　D. is unavoidable because people can"t do without pesticides in farming

　　4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemical because _____.

　　A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people"s health

　　B. the present is more important for them than the future

　　C. the danger does not become apparent immediately

　　D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

　　5. It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos remarks that _____.

　　A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

　　B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

　　C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure

　　D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides

2.2022年12月英语四级仔细阅读模拟练习

　　Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

　　The researcher organized an experimental tournament(锦标赛)involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

　　Observers noted down the referees’errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.

　　The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, theywere, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was12 meters.The research shows the optimum(的)distance is about 20 meters.

　　There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

　　If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

　　He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping upwith the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

　　练习题：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to_______.

　　A. review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup

　　B. analyze the causes of errors made by football referees

　　C. set a standard for football refereeing

　　D. reexamine the rules for football refereeing

　　2. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.

　　A. slightly above average

　　B. higher than in the 1998 World Cup

　　C. quite unexpected

　　D. as high as in a standard match

　　3. The findings of the experiment show that _______.

　　A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball

　　B. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors

　　C. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur

　　D. errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot

　　4. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to _______.

　　A. the researchers involved in the experiment

　　B. the inspectors of the football tournament

　　C. the referees of the football tournament

　　D. the observers at the site of the experiment

　　5. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?

　　A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.

　　B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.

　　C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.

　　D. An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

3.2022年12月英语四级仔细阅读模拟练习

　　Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, thinkthe auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.

　　The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer,and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.

　　Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.

　　When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail,the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.

　　The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.

　　练习题：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.

　　A. its power source

　　B. its driving system

　　C. its monitoring system

　　D. its seating capacity

　　2. What is the author’s main concern?

　　A. How to render automobiles pollution-free.

　　B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles.

　　C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams.

　　D. How to develop an automated subway system.