2018年考研英语一阅读难度|2018年考研英语长难句把握五个拆分信号

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　　1、标点符号：

　　比如，2个逗号形成插入语，破折号表示解释说明，分号相当于“and”表示并列;

　　2、连词：

　　并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等，从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;

　　3、介词：

　　介词引导介词短语，介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;

　　4、不定式符号to：

　　不定式符号to引导不定式短语，在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外，还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;

　　5、分词：

　　分词包括现在分词和过去分词，在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。

　　下面我们就按照长难句拆分原则，依照这些拆分信号，结合考研英语阅读或翻译真题中的长难句进行实战演练一下吧!

　　1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　(1)句子拆分

　　拆分点：从属连词、介词、标点符号

　　This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.

　　(2)句子结构

　　找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);

　　↓

　　找连词(when, that, that)

　　↓

　　前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词

　　↓

　　确定主从句

　　主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;

　　从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

　　(3)解析

　　during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

　　(4)本句的参考译文

　　这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

　　总之，只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解，弄清句子的各个成分，并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂，由复杂变得简单，这样句子结构分析技能提高了，长难句也就攻克了，对于考研阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。

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