2017年职称英语 考试 报名:2017年职称英语理工类b级常考语法点：数词

　　(一) 数词是由两大部分构成的即基数词和序数词，而其他数字表示法如分数，小数等均由这两大部分的不同组合而构成。

　　基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：

范 围

特 点

实 例

1~12

无规律

one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve

13~19

以teen为结尾

thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen

20~90

以ty结尾

twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety

21~99

十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-”

twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine

101~999

百位与十位之间通常用and

three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）

千以上

6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred

　　(二) 序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：

范 围

特 点

实 例

1~19

各基数词尾加th

其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — forth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth

20,30~90

把y变i后加eth

twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth

21以后多位数

最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词

21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth

　　(三) 数词的用法：

　　1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表

示例

英语表示法

2001．6．30

June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001

7：25

seven twenty-five twenty-five past even

12:54

twelve fifty four six to one

9:15

nine fifteen a quarter past nine

2:30

two thirty half past two

21:50

twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.

第21

twenty-first

第123

one hundred and twenty-third

a half

two and two-fifths

20%

20 per cent 20 percent

第七路公共汽车

Bus Number Seven

20%

20 per cent 20 percent

第七路公共汽车

Bus Number Seven

第201房间

Room 201

人民路153号

153 Renmin Road

4+8 =12

Four plus eight is twelve

11-7=4

Eleven minus seven is four.

6×5=30

Six times five is thirty.

20÷5=4

twenty divided by five is four.

A＞B

A is more than B.

A＜B

A is less than B.

A≈B

A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.

A≠B

A is not equal to B.

　　2.约数表示法列表

含义

英语表达

例句

大于某数

more than

He has lived here for more than twenty years.

over

she is over fifty.

or more

There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.

小于某数

less than

I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.

under

Children under seven are not allowed to enter.

below

He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.

or less

The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.

大约（某数）

nearly

She is nearly fifty now.

almost

Its almost three o'clock.

up to

Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.

or

He spent four or five days writing the article.

or so

The distance is twenty miles or so.

about

I visited that village about three years ago.

some

Their team has some four or five players.

more or less

The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.

around/round

Let's make it round/around eight o'clock.

　　3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表

被修饰名词的数

英语表达

汉译

修饰可数名词

dozens of

几十、许多

scores of

许多

many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词)

许多、大量

hundreds of

数以百计

thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of

成千上万

millions of

数百万

billions of

亿万

修饰不可数名词

much , a great (good)deal of ,

a large amount of ,large amounts of

许多、大量

修饰可数名词或不可数名词

a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, 　　a large quantity of ,

large quantities of

许多、大量

　　(四) 数词的用法

　　数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。

　　1. 基数词的用法

　　(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：

　　Thirty of them are Party members.(主语)

　　--- How many would you like?

　　--- Three ，please.(作宾语)

　　The nine boys are from Tianjing.(定语)

　　Six plus four is ten.(表语)

　　We four will go with you.(同位语)

　　(2) 表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：

　　Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.

　　There are three thousand students in our school.

　　After the war, thousands of people became homeless.

　　Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.

　　They arrived in twos and threes.

　　(3) 表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：

　　He is in his early thirties.

　　He died still in his forties.

　　This took place in 1930s.

　　(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如：

　　We get up at six.

　　The workers begin work at eight.

　　表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：

　　ten past ten,

　　a quarter past nine,

　　half past twelve

　　表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如：

　　twenty to nine,

　　five to eight,

　　a quarter to ten

　　表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：

　　seven fifteen,

　　eleven thirty,

　　nine twenty

　　2. 序数词的用法

　　(1)序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：

　　The first truck is carrying a foot baskets.

　　John lives on the fifteenth floor.

　　(2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：

　　We'll have to do it a second time.

　　Shall I ask him a third time?

　　When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak.

　　(3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。

　　(4)表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：

　　1949年十月一日读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty

　　2004年九月十日读作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four

　　(5)表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：

　　three fourths,

　　one second,

　　two fifths

　　(6)序数词有时用缩写形式：

　　first→1st second→2nd

　　third→3rd fourth→4th

　　twenty-second→22nd

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