新概念第四册课文原文及翻译-新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson16、17、18】

【#新概念英语# 导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。为了方便同学们的学习，©文档大全网为大家整理了面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!

Lesson16

　　【课文】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　What is the author's main argument about the modern city?

　　In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea ofthe true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, andthronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.

　　ALEXIS CARREL Man, the Unknown

　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】

　　physiological adj. 生理的

　　maximum adj. 限度的

　　consideration n. 考虑

　　descendant n. 子孙，后代

　　artificial n. 人工的

　　impose v. 强加

　　dimension n. 直径

　　skyscraper n. 摩天大楼

　　tenant n. 租户

　　civilized adj. 文明的

　　banal adj. 平庸

　　luxury n. 豪华

　　deprive v. 剥夺

　　monstrous adj. 畸形的

　　edifice n. 大厦

　　toxic adj. 有毒的

　　ceaselessly adv. 不停地

　　throng v. 挤满，壅塞

【课文注释】

　　1.neglect疏忽，忽略。

　　①作动词，If you neglect someone or something, you fail to give them the amount of attention that they deserve.

　　例句：No country can afford to neglect education.

　　任何国家都不容忽视教育。

　　②作名词。

　　例句：She was severely criticized for neglect of duty.

　　她因玩忽职守而受到严厉批评。

　　③动词短语neglect to do sth：忘记做某事。

　　例句：He neglected to write and say `Thank you'.

　　他因疏忽而未写信道谢。

　　2.the maximum production at lowest cost，以最低成本获得最多产品。

　　3.in order that...，以使……，为了……，引导目的状语从句。

　　用词组in order来表示“为了……”有以下几种用法：

　　①in order to do sth，这里in order后面加动词不定式。

　　例句：He lit a cigarette in order to calm his mind.

　　他点燃一支香烟，镇定一下情绪。

　　②in order for sth，这里in order后面加for再加名词或名词短语。

　　例句：He lit a cigarette in order for a calm mind.

　　他点燃一支香烟，镇定一下情绪。

　　③in order that，这里in order后面加that再加从句。

　　例句：He lit a cigarette in order that it could help calm his mind.

　　他点燃了一支香烟，以帮助他镇定情绪。

　　4.without any idea of，完全忽视……。

　　the idea of是个和灵活的词组，来看一下几句例句：

　　例句①：The idea of traveling around Europe with my friends excited me!

　　和朋友一起去环游欧洲的主意让我很激动。

　　例句②：Without the idea of saving money, she splash out on whatever interests her.

　　她没有要省钱的念头，看到什么感兴趣的就买什么。

　　5.without giving any consideration to...，完全不考虑……。

　　give consideration to，考虑。

　　例句：An important principle is to give consideration to both the army and the people, to both public and private interests.

　　一个很重要的原则是军民兼顾，公私兼顾。

　　6.imposed by...由……带来的。

　　impose sth on sb/sth，把……强加于……。

　　例句：He imposed his presence on us for the weekend.

　　他硬要跟我们一起过周末。

　　7.with no ragard for，不考虑……。

　　with regard for，考虑……。要和另一个很相似的词组with regard to注意区分。前者表示考虑……，后者表示关于，至于。

　　例句①：With regard for a better bilateray relationship, the two countries decide to break the ice and move on.

　　考虑到双边关系，两国决定冰释前嫌，重新开始。

　　例句②：I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.

　　对于你的投诉,我无可奉告。

　　8.be deprived of，被剥夺。

　　If you deprive someone of something that they want or need, you take it away from them, or you prevent them from having it.

　　例句：If you do not drive carefully, I shall be obliged to deprive you of your licence.

　　如果您不谨慎驾驶，我将不得不没收您的执照。

　　9.throng，拥挤，人群。

　　①作名词：群集，拥挤的人群。

　　例句：She had to press through the throng to reach the stage.

　　她不得不穿过拥挤的人群走上舞台。

　　②作动词：拥挤，群集。

　　例句：thronged the main square of the city.

　　城里的大广场上挤满了人群。

　　【参考译文】

　　在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和精神状态的影响完全被忽视了。现代工业的基本概念是：以最低成本获取最多产品，为的是让某个个人或某一部分人尽可能多地赚钱。现代工业发展起来了，却根本没想到操作机器的人的本质。工厂把一种人为的生存方式强加给工人，却不顾及这种生存方式给工人及其后代带来的影响。大城市的建设毫不关心我们。摩天大楼完全是按这样的需要修建的：每平方英尺地皮取得收入和向租房人提供使他满意的办公室和住房。这样就导致了许多摩天大厦拔地而起，大厦内众多的人挤地一起。文明人喜欢这样一种生活方式。在享受自己住宅的舒适和庸俗的豪华时，却没有意识到被剥夺了生活所必需的东西。大得吓人的高楼和阴暗狭窄的街道组成了今日现代化的城市。街道上充斥着汽油味和有毒气体，出租汽车、卡车、公共汽车的噪音刺耳难忍，络绎不绝的人群挤来挤去。显然，现代化的城市不是这居民的利益而规划的。

Lesson17

　　【课文】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　What factor helped to spread the disease of myxomatosis?

　　In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. It overran a whole continent. It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.

　　Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate. It spread through France, Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.

　　RITCHIE CALDER Science Makes Sense

　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】

　　physiological adj. 生理的

　　settlement n. 新拓居地

　　enterprising adj. 有事业心的

　　settler n. 移居者

　　Antipodes n. 新西兰和澳大利亚(英)

　　promiscuous adj. 杂乱的

　　abandon n. 放任，纵情

　　overrun v. 蔓延，泛滥

　　devastation n. 破坏，劫掠

　　burrow v. 挖、掘

　　susceptible adj. 易受感染的

　　virus n. 病毒

　　myxomatosis n. 多发性粘液瘤

　　infect v. 传染

　　epidemic n. 流行病

　　mosquito n. 蚊虫

　　carrier n. 带菌者

　　exterminate v. 消灭

　　ironically adv. 具有讽刺意味地

　　bequeath v. 把...传给

　　pest n. 害虫，有害动物

　　pestilence n. 瘟疫

　　confine n. 范围

　　domesticate v. 驯养

【课文注释】

　　1.so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits，这里so that引导的一个结果状语从句，可译成“因此便以兔子所特有的杂乱交配繁衍后代”。

　　2.overrun扩展占领;超过。

　　①spread over and occupy (a place) in great numbers：扩展并占领(某地)。

　　例句：This country has been overrun by enemy troops.

　　这个国家已经被敌军占领。

　　②continue beyond or exceed (a time allowed, etc)：超过、 超越(时限等)。

　　例句：The news programme overran the allotted time.

　　新闻节目超出了规定的时间。

　　3.be susceptible to...，易受……影响的。

　　①If you are susceptible to something or someone, you are very likely to be influenced by them.

　　例句：He is the kind of guy who is highly susceptible to flattery.

　　他是那种听几句好话就忘乎所以的人。

　　②be susceptible of...，能经受某事物。

　　例句：Is your statement susceptible of proof?

　　你的说法能加以证实吗?

　　4.let loose，让乱跑;放开;释放。

　　这个词组可以表达很灵活的意思，既可以表示文中所说的“让乱跑”，也可以用来表示“释放想象力”、“释放压力”、“放松”、“松懈”等，总之就是使……不受拘束。

　　例句：Just close your eyes and let loose your imagination.

　　闭上眼睛，海阔天空地遐想一番吧。

　　例句：I do now let loose my opinion.

　　我现在确实畅所欲言发表了我的看法。

　　5.pass...on to，把……传给。

　　If you pass something on to someone, you give it to them so that they have it instead of you.

　　例句：She caught my cold and passed it on to her husband.

　　我感冒传染了她，她又传给她丈夫了。

　　pass...down，传递，一般是指一代一代的传承，或是逝者传承给生者，注意与pass...on区分用法。

　　例句：Folk music has been passed down from one generation to another.

　　民间音乐是一代一代地流传下来的。

　　6.get rid of，摆脱，除去。

　　When you get rid of something/someone that you do not want or do not like, you take action so that you no longer have it or suffer from it.

　　例句：We have an extractor fan in the kitchen to get rid of the smell of cooking.

　　我们的厨房里有台排气扇，用来消除油烟。

　　例句：He was a boring nuisance! I'm glad to be rid of him.

　　他这人真讨厌!我很庆幸能摆脱他的纠缠。

　　7.remain within the confines of his estate，被局限在他的庄园内。

　　①confine...in/to...把……限制在某范围以内。

　　例句：After her operation, she was confined to bed for a week.

　　她手术之后已卧床一星期了。

　　②形容词形式为confined。

　　例句：It is hard to work efficiently in such a confined space.

　　在这样狭小的空间里工作很难提高效率。

　　【参考译文】

　　在澳大利亚移民初期，一些有创业精神的移民不明智地把欧洲兔子引进了澳大利亚。这种兔子在澳大利亚及新西兰没有天敌，因此便以兔子所特有的杂乱交配迅猛繁殖起来。整个澳洲兔子成灾。它们在地下打洞，吃掉本可以饲养数百万头牛羊的牧草，给澳洲大陆造成了毁灭性的破坏。科学家们发现，这种特殊品种的兔子(显然不包括别的动物)易患一种叫“多发性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。通过让染上此病的动物在洞内乱跑，就可以使这种疾病在一个地区蔓延起来。后来又发现，有一种蚊子是传播这种疾病的媒介，能把此病传染给兔子。因此，世界上其他地方在设法消灭蚊子的时候，澳大利亚却在促使这种蚊子大量繁殖。蚊子把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲大陆，效果甚佳，结果兔子的数目在为减少。后来，明显看出，兔子对这种疾病已产生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔子不可能被完全消灭。但是，已有希望解决兔子所带来的问题。

　　具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把这种兔子作为有害动物传给澳洲，而欧洲自己却染上了这种人为的瘟疫般的疾病。一位法国内科医生决定除掉自己庄园内的野兔子，于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾病。然而，这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园内，结果在整个法国蔓延开来。野兔在法国一般不被当作有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国，野兔被当作有害的动物，可是家兔是赚钱的毛皮工业的基础，然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。现在的问题是，人类能否控制住这种人为的疾病。

Lesson18

　　【课文】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　What would you say is the main characteristic of porpoises?

　　There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were photographed working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed.

　　Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane. Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle down several feet. He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over.

　　RALPH NADING HILL Window in the Sea

　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】

　　porpoise n. 海豚

　　mariner n. 水手

　　shark n. 鲨鱼

　　formation n. 队形

　　dolphin n. 海豚科动物

　　unconscious adj. 不省人事

　　beaver n. 海狸

　　ashore adv. 上岸

　　waterlogged adj. 浸满水的

　　scent n. 香味

　　ensue v. 接着发生

　　intrigue v. 引起兴趣

　　indignity n. 侮辱

　　snout n. 口鼻部

　　shove v. 硬推

　　aquaplane n. 驾浪滑水板

　　oceanarium n. 水族馆

　　swoop v. 猛扑

　　belly n. 腹部

　　equilibrium n. 平衡

　　butt v. 碰撞

　　crack n. 重击

【课文注释】

　　1.however intelligent they may be，不管它们有多聪明，这是一个让步状语从句，相当于no matter how intelligent they may be。

　　no matter what/how/who/which/where = whatever/however/whoever/whichever/wherever

　　例句：Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. = No matter what you say, I will not change my mind.

　　不管你说什么，我都不会改变主意的。

　　2.credit sb with sth，把某事归功于某人。

　　If people credit someone with an achievement or if it is credited to them, people say or believe that they were responsible for it.

　　例句：Until now I've always credited you with more sense.

　　在这以前，我一直都认为你不至如此糊涂。

　　3.out of curiosity，出于好奇。

　　You use out of to say what feeling or reason causes someone to do something. out of+名词：出于……，由于……。

　　例句：He has been taking care of her out of the sense of guilt.

　　出于负罪感，他一直在照顾她。

　　4.as in riding the bow waves of a ship，就像它们追逐被船首犁开的浪花一样。

　　5.If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks...，as是关系代词，代替they have protected humans from sharks。

　　6.a battle ensued，随之发生搏斗。

　　If something ensues, it happens immediately after another event, usually as a result of it.继而发生，接着。

　　例句：Bitter arguments ensued from this misunderstanding.

　　这一误会引发了激烈的争论。

　　7.Whether it be bird, fish or beast...，这是一个让步状语从句，用的是虚拟语气形式。

　　8.be intrigued with，对……感兴趣。

　　①intrigue (with sb) gainst sb：(联合某人)对某人搞阴谋诡计。

　　例句：She was intriguing with her sister against her mother.

　　她和妹妹串通捣鬼跟母亲作对。

　　②intrigue sb，激起某人的兴趣。

　　例句：What you say intrigues me; tell me more.

　　你说的很有意思，多给我讲些吧。

　　9.submit to，屈服，屈从于。

　　①If you submit to something, you unwillingly allow something to be done to you, or you do what someone wants, for example because you are not powerful enough to resist.屈服于。

　　例句：She refused to submit to his control.

　　她不屈服于他的控制。

　　②If you submit a proposal, report, or request to someone, you formally send it to them so that they can consider it or decide about it.递交。

　　例句：Please submit your application form in quadruplicate.

　　请交申请表一式四份。

　　10.for dear life，拼命地。

　　例句：As soon as they saw the farmer coming, the boys dropped the apples they had stolen, and ran for dear life.

　　一看见有农工走过来，那群孩子们就丢掉偷摘的苹果，拼命跑来了。

　　11.He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack.它刚站起来，就被一只海豚击倒。

　　no sooner...than/hardly...when，这两个词组表示“一……就……”。

　　例句：We had ardly begun our walk when it began to rain.

　　我们刚一举步就下起雨来了。

　　【参考译文】

　　长期以来，海员中流传着一种迷信的说法，认为海豚会把快要淹死的人托到水面，救人性命;或在人们周围列队保护，使他们免遭鲨鱼伤害。海洋摄影室的生物学家指出，无论海豚多么聪明，认为它们有救人的动机可能是错误的。当它们偶尔把一个失去知觉的人推到岸边时，更大的可能是出于好奇或游戏，就像它们追逐被船首犁开的浪花一样。1928年，有人拍摄到了海豚像海狸一样把浸透水的床垫推上岸的情景。正如报道中所说，如果海豚保护人不受鲨鱼侵害，那么它们可能是出于好奇;而鲨鱼可能是闻到了可以美食一顿的香味。海豚和鲨鱼是天然仇敌，双方可能随之发生搏斗，搏斗结果是海豚赶走或咬死鲨鱼。

　　海豚对凡是活的东西都感兴趣，不管是鸟、是鱼，还是野兽。它们经常追逐海龟，海龟则温顺地忍受着各种侮辱。一只小海豚特别喜欢用鼻子把海龟推到水面，然后像滑水板一样把海龟从水池的这一边推到那一边。几乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚把鼻子顶入一只300磅重的海龟的硬壳下面，拼命地把它翻过来。这并非易事，可能需要两只海豚合伙干才行。在另一场游戏中，当海龟游过水族馆时，第一只海豚从上方猛扑下去，用腹部撞击龟壳。这一下子把海龟撞下去好几英尺。海龟刚恢复平衡，第二只海豚又冲过来猛击一下。这只海龟最终被撞到池底。此时的海龟，只要能站起来就满足了，但它刚站起来，就被一只海豚击倒。海龟终于屈服了，将4条腿缩进壳内。游戏到此结束。

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson16、17、18】.doc

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