新概念第四册课文原文及翻译_新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson16

【课文】
　　First listen and then answer the following question.
　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。
　　What is the author's main argument about the modern city?
　　In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea ofthe true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, andthronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.
　　ALEXIS CARREL Man, the Unknown
　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】
　　physiological adj. 生理的
　　maximum adj. 限度的
　　consideration n. 考虑
　　descendant n. 子孙，后代
　　artificial n. 人工的
　　impose v. 强加
　　dimension n. 直径
　　skyscraper n. 摩天大楼
　　tenant n. 租户
　　civilized adj. 文明的
　　banal adj. 平庸
　　luxury n. 豪华
　　deprive v. 剥夺
　　monstrous adj. 畸形的
　　edifice n. 大厦
　　toxic adj. 有毒的
　　ceaselessly adv. 不停地
　　throng v. 挤满，壅塞
　　【课文注释】
　　1.neglect疏忽，忽略。
　　①作动词，If you neglect someone or something, you fail to give them the amount of attention that they deserve.
　　例句：No country can afford to neglect education.
　　任何国家都不容忽视教育。
　　②作名词。
　　例句：She was severely criticized for neglect of duty.
　　她因玩忽职守而受到严厉批评。
　　③动词短语neglect to do sth：忘记做某事。
　　例句：He neglected to write and say `Thank you'.
　　他因疏忽而未写信道谢。
　　2.the maximum production at lowest cost，以最低成本获得最多产品。
　　3.in order that...，以使……，为了……，引导目的状语从句。
　　用词组in order来表示“为了……”有以下几种用法：
　　①in order to do sth，这里in order后面加动词不定式。
　　例句：He lit a cigarette in order to calm his mind.
　　他点燃一支香烟，镇定一下情绪。
　　②in order for sth，这里in order后面加for再加名词或名词短语。
　　例句：He lit a cigarette in order for a calm mind.
　　他点燃一支香烟，镇定一下情绪。
　　③in order that，这里in order后面加that再加从句。
　　例句：He lit a cigarette in order that it could help calm his mind.
　　他点燃了一支香烟，以帮助他镇定情绪。
　　4.without any idea of，完全忽视……。
　　the idea of是个和灵活的词组，来看一下几句例句：
　　例句①：The idea of traveling around Europe with my friends excited me!
　　和朋友一起去环游欧洲的主意让我很激动。
　　例句②：Without the idea of saving money, she splash out on whatever interests her.
　　她没有要省钱的念头，看到什么感兴趣的就买什么。
　　5.without giving any consideration to...，完全不考虑……。
　　give consideration to，考虑。
　　例句：An important principle is to give consideration to both the army and the people, to both public and private interests.
　　一个很重要的原则是军民兼顾，公私兼顾。
　　6.imposed by...由……带来的。
　　impose sth on sb/sth，把……强加于……。
　　例句：He imposed his presence on us for the weekend.
　　他硬要跟我们一起过周末。
　　7.with no ragard for，不考虑……。
　　with regard for，考虑……。要和另一个很相似的词组with regard to注意区分。前者表示考虑……，后者表示关于，至于。
　　例句①：With regard for a better bilateray relationship, the two countries decide to break the ice and move on.
　　考虑到双边关系，两国决定冰释前嫌，重新开始。
　　例句②：I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.
　　对于你的投诉,我无可奉告。
　　8.be deprived of，被剥夺。
　　If you deprive someone of something that they want or need, you take it away from them, or you prevent them from having it.
　　例句：If you do not drive carefully, I shall be obliged to deprive you of your licence.
　　如果您不谨慎驾驶，我将不得不没收您的执照。
　　9.throng，拥挤，人群。
　　①作名词：群集，拥挤的人群。
　　例句：She had to press through the throng to reach the stage.
　　她不得不穿过拥挤的人群走上舞台。
　　②作动词：拥挤，群集。
　　例句：thronged the main square of the city.
　　城里的大广场上挤满了人群。
　　【参考译文】
　　在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和精神状态的影响完全被忽视了。现代工业的基本概念是：以最低成本获取最多产品，为的是让某个个人或某一部分人尽可能多地赚钱。现代工业发展起来了，却根本没想到操作机器的人的本质。工厂把一种人为的生存方式强加给工人，却不顾及这种生存方式给工人及其后代带来的影响。大城市的建设毫不关心我们。摩天大楼完全是按这样的需要修建的：每平方英尺地皮取得收入和向租房人提供使他满意的办公室和住房。这样就导致了许多摩天大厦拔地而起，大厦内众多的人挤地一起。文明人喜欢这样一种生活方式。在享受自己住宅的舒适和庸俗的豪华时，却没有意识到被剥夺了生活所必需的东西。大得吓人的高楼和阴暗狭窄的街道组成了今日现代化的城市。街道上充斥着汽油味和有毒气体，出租汽车、卡车、公共汽车的噪音刺耳难忍，络绎不绝的人群挤来挤去。显然，现代化的城市不是这居民的利益而规划的。

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