小升初英语必考知识点|小升初英语知识点讲解之名词

副标题:小升初英语知识点讲解之名词

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定义:

  名词是人类认识事物所使用的基本词汇,是用来表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。

  分类:

  名词分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

  考点:

  1、可数名词变复数

  ⑴加-s。如desk-desks,dog-dogs

  ⑵以s,x,sh,ch,z等结尾,在词尾加-es,如:class-classes,bus-buses,watch-watches

  ⑶以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v加-es。如:knife-knives,wife-wives

  ⑷以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,加-es。如:family-families,city-cities

  ⑸以辅音字母加o结尾,加-es。如:tomato-toamoes,hero-heroes

  ⑹特殊变化。如▲man-men,foot-feet,mouse-mice,child-children

  ▲sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,Chinese-Chinese

  2、集合名词做主语

  ⑴有些名词不能用a,one,two等具体数词修饰,只能在其前面加the表示“全体…”。

  如:the people,the police,the cattle等。这些词作主语时谓语动词用复数。

  ⑵有些名词作主语时,谓语动词既可以是单数也可以是复数。

  如:public,family,class,team,group等。

  3、不可数名词量的表示

  不可数名词不能和数词直接连用。他们可以和一下词语或词组连用:

  some/any,little,a little,much,a lot of等。

  a piece of,a pound of,a cup of,a bar of,a loaf of等。

  4、名词所有格

  ⑴一般的情况在词尾加’s,以s结尾的加s’。如:the boy’s bag,boys’ bags

  ⑵无生命东西的名词用of属格。如:the window of the room

  ⑶东西为两人共有,只在后一个名词后面加’s。如:Lily and Lucy’s room

  ⑷名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如the doctor’s

  ⑸双重所有格:▲a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine

  ▲可为名词+of+名词的所有格。如:a teacher of my sister’s

  小勇士们,对于名词的概念和用法掌握的怎么样了?下面的小测验,帮助你查漏补缺,快来做做吧!

  1. Apple is a __ word.

  A. five-letter B. five-letters C. fives-letters D. five letters

  2. All the __ in the hospital got a rise yesterday.

  A. women doctors B. woman doctors

  C. women doctor D. woman doctor

  3. After ten years, all those youngsters became __

  A. growns-up B. growns-up C. grown-up D. grown-ups

  4. The police investigated the __ about the bank robbery.

  A. stander-by B. standers-by C. stander-bys D. standers-by

  5. She used to have three __ .

  A. boys friends B. boys friend C. boy friends D. boy friend

  6. The committee __ been arguing about the economic problems among themselves for many hours.

  A. have B. has C. could have D. can have

  7. Seventy percent __ illiterate in that area.

  A. is B. are C. is to be D. can have

  8. His trousers __ in his suitcase.

  A. is always kept B. are kept always

  C. are always kept D. have always been

  9. The young couple bought __ for their living room.

  A. some new furniture B. some new furnitures

  C. many new furniture D. many new furnitures

  10. Mathematics __ easy to learn.

  A. is B. are C. can D. feels

  Keys:D A D B C A B C A A

  解析:

  1、D 有“-”连字符的,在其名词部分后加s,如 five-letters,standers-by,lookers-on;无名词部分的,在复合词后加s,如grown-ups。

  2、A 由man或woman作为第一部分的复合名词表职位时,均用复数,如men doctors,women writers。

  3、D 答案见第一题解析。

  4、B 答案见第一题解析。

  5、C 由boy或girl 作为第一部分的复合名词,要在最后词后加-s,如boy friends,girl friends

  6、A 集体名词被看作若干个体时,具有复数概念,被看作一个整体时,具有单数概念。这类词有:family,government,class,surrounding,committee,club,company

  7、B 此题在70%后省略了people。根据题意可以知道,这个地区百分之七十的人是文盲。所以用are

  8、C 具有“成双”含义的词,如服装类、工具类的词:trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀),后面的动词用复数。

  9、A

  Furniture 家具,不可数名词。Many修饰可数,much修饰不可数,some,any都可修饰,但any用在疑问和否定句中。a few修饰可数,肯定含义;a little 修饰不可数,否定义。

  10、A 学科类的词,如maths , economics , politics , electronics ,mechanics(力学)等,含有复数概念。

小升初英语知识点讲解之名词.doc

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