定义:
名词是人类认识事物所使用的基本词汇,是用来表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。
分类:
名词分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
考点:
1、可数名词变复数
⑴加-s。如desk-desks,dog-dogs
⑵以s,x,sh,ch,z等结尾,在词尾加-es,如:class-classes,bus-buses,watch-watches
⑶以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v加-es。如:knife-knives,wife-wives
⑷以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,加-es。如:family-families,city-cities
⑸以辅音字母加o结尾,加-es。如:tomato-toamoes,hero-heroes
⑹特殊变化。如▲man-men,foot-feet,mouse-mice,child-children
▲sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,Chinese-Chinese
2、集合名词做主语
⑴有些名词不能用a,one,two等具体数词修饰,只能在其前面加the表示“全体…”。
如:the people,the police,the cattle等。这些词作主语时谓语动词用复数。
⑵有些名词作主语时,谓语动词既可以是单数也可以是复数。
如:public,family,class,team,group等。
3、不可数名词量的表示
不可数名词不能和数词直接连用。他们可以和一下词语或词组连用:
some/any,little,a little,much,a lot of等。
a piece of,a pound of,a cup of,a bar of,a loaf of等。
4、名词所有格
⑴一般的情况在词尾加’s,以s结尾的加s’。如:the boy’s bag,boys’ bags
⑵无生命东西的名词用of属格。如:the window of the room
⑶东西为两人共有,只在后一个名词后面加’s。如:Lily and Lucy’s room
⑷名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如the doctor’s
⑸双重所有格:▲a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine
▲可为名词+of+名词的所有格。如:a teacher of my sister’s
小勇士们,对于名词的概念和用法掌握的怎么样了?下面的小测验,帮助你查漏补缺,快来做做吧!
1. Apple is a __ word.
A. five-letter B. five-letters C. fives-letters D. five letters
2. All the __ in the hospital got a rise yesterday.
A. women doctors B. woman doctors
C. women doctor D. woman doctor
3. After ten years, all those youngsters became __
A. growns-up B. growns-up C. grown-up D. grown-ups
4. The police investigated the __ about the bank robbery.
A. stander-by B. standers-by C. stander-bys D. standers-by
5. She used to have three __ .
A. boys friends B. boys friend C. boy friends D. boy friend
6. The committee __ been arguing about the economic problems among themselves for many hours.
A. have B. has C. could have D. can have
7. Seventy percent __ illiterate in that area.
A. is B. are C. is to be D. can have
8. His trousers __ in his suitcase.
A. is always kept B. are kept always
C. are always kept D. have always been
9. The young couple bought __ for their living room.
A. some new furniture B. some new furnitures
C. many new furniture D. many new furnitures
10. Mathematics __ easy to learn.
A. is B. are C. can D. feels
Keys:D A D B C A B C A A
解析:
1、D 有“-”连字符的,在其名词部分后加s,如 five-letters,standers-by,lookers-on;无名词部分的,在复合词后加s,如grown-ups。
2、A 由man或woman作为第一部分的复合名词表职位时,均用复数,如men doctors,women writers。
3、D 答案见第一题解析。
4、B 答案见第一题解析。
5、C 由boy或girl 作为第一部分的复合名词,要在最后词后加-s,如boy friends,girl friends
6、A 集体名词被看作若干个体时,具有复数概念,被看作一个整体时,具有单数概念。这类词有:family,government,class,surrounding,committee,club,company
7、B 此题在70%后省略了people。根据题意可以知道,这个地区百分之七十的人是文盲。所以用are
8、C 具有“成双”含义的词,如服装类、工具类的词:trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀),后面的动词用复数。
9、A
Furniture 家具,不可数名词。Many修饰可数,much修饰不可数,some,any都可修饰,但any用在疑问和否定句中。a few修饰可数,肯定含义;a little 修饰不可数,否定义。
10、A 学科类的词,如maths , economics , politics , electronics ,mechanics(力学)等,含有复数概念。
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