二、不定式
1、动词不定式形式:(to)+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征;否定式:not+(to) do
2、不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard。
To lose your heart means failure。
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes。
It means failure to lose your heart。
常用句式有:
1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。
4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。
常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb。可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall。
He appears to have caught a cold。
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here。
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike。
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English。
(4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite。
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema。
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. /He was seen to cross the road。
2017年职称英语考试语法知识储备:不定式.doc正在阅读:
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