[2016年1月9号托福阅读答案]2016年托福阅读：17世纪的荷兰农业

　　Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture 　　P1: 　　Agriculture and fishing formed the primary sector of the economy in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century. Dutch agriculture was modernized and commercialized new crops and agricultural techniques raised levels of production so that they were in line with market demands, and cheap grain was imported annually from the Baltic region in large quantities. According to estimates, about 120,000 tons of imported grain fed about 600,000 people: that is about a third of the Dutch population. Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time-consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods. 　　难词解析： 　　Commercialize v. 使商业化 　　in line with 与...保持一致 　　Time-consuming adj. 耗费时间的 　　难句解析： 　　Importing the grain, [which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves], kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods. 　　句子的主干信息是Importing the grain kept the price low and thus stimulated demand。 Which引导的部分用来修饰前文的grain，而demand of 之后的部分是对demand的具体说明。句子中还有很重要的一点就是would have been expensive 表达的意思现在已经不expensive。 　　翻译为[荷兰人自己生产这些粮食昂贵又费时]，进口粮食使得现在粮食的价格保持在低位，因而刺激了个人对其他食物和消费品的需求。 　　P2： 　　Apart from this, being able to give up labor-intensive grain production freed both the land and the workforce for more productive agricultural divisions. The peasants specialized in livestock husbandry and dairy farming as well as in cultivating industrial crops and fodder crops: flax, madder, and rape were grown, as were tobacco, hops, and turnips. These products were bought mostly by urban businesses. There was also a demand among urban consumers for dairy products such as butter and cheese, which, in the sixteenth century, had become more expensive than grain. The high prices encouraged the peasants to improve their animal husbandry techniques; for example, they began feeding their animals indoors in order to raise the milk yield of their cows. 　　难词解析： 　　labor-intensive adj. 劳动密集型 　　apart from 除...之外 　　free v. 解放 　　livestock n. 家禽 　　husbandry n. 农业 　　yield n. 产量 　　encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事，可表示因果 　　难句解析： 　　Apart from this, being able to give up labor-intensive grain production freed both the land and the workforce for more productive agricultural divisions. 　　apart from=除了……之外，being able to do做主语，free在这里用做动词。 　　翻译为除了这些，放弃这种劳动密集型的粮食生产解放了土地和劳动力使之能够分散参与到更多的农业生产中。 　　P3： 　　In addition to dairy farming and cultivating industrial crops, a third sector of the Dutch economy reflected the way in which agriculture was being modernized-horticulture. In the sixteenth century, fruit and vegetables were to be found only in gardens belonging to wealthy people. This changed in the early part of the seventeenth century when horticulture became accepted as an agricultural sector. Whole villages began to cultivate fruit and vegetables. The produce was then transported by water to markets in the cities, where the consumption of fruit and vegetables was no longer restricted to the wealthy. 　　难词解析： 　　Horticulture n. 园艺学 　　belong to 属于 　　consumption n. 消费，消耗 　　难句解析： 　　In addition to dairy farming and cultivating industrial crops, a third sector of the Dutch economy reflected the way in which agriculture was being modernized-horticulture. 　　In addition to=除了……之外，a third sector of=……的三分之一 　　翻译为除了乳品业和工业作物的种植，荷兰经济的三分之一反映在现代化的园艺上。 　　你以为读懂大意就够了嘛? 　　来小测一个 　　试着往里面填一填吧~ 　　P1： 　　_____和_____是十七世纪荷兰经济的主要成分。 　　P2： 　　荷兰农业从_____转向更高产的领域。. 　　P3: 　　农业转向的第三个领域_____。 　　光读懂大意是不够嗒，还得分析段落结构，读懂文章大意且把握好文章脉络才叫真正的读懂~ 　　段落结构你都摸清了嘛?来对对答案吧~ 　　参考答案： 　　P1 agriculture，fishing 　　P2 labor-intensive 　　P3 horticulture

本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/a9Lx.html