新概念第二册自学导读 pdf:新概念第二册自学导读Lessons30

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1．The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. 威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河。

在这句话中，that引导的定语从句修饰 a small river，关系代词that在从句中作主语。地点状语 near my home修饰 the park。

2．I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. 我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐。

（1）by在此处表示“在……旁边／近旁”。

（2）afternoon为复数形式，表示经常性的情况，因此谓语为一般现在时。由于afternoon前面有修饰词，因此要用介词on。

morning，evening与它的用法一致。试比较：

3．…it went towards a passing boat.……球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去。

（1）go在此处不是指人“走”，而是指球“行进”。

（2）passing为现在分词，作定语，表示“经过的”、“划过来的”，如a passing plane（一架飞过的飞机）。

4．Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat…岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊……

call out表示“大声呼叫”、“叫喊”，比call语气要重：

I heard someone calling out for help.

我听到有人在大声呼救。

Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldn't hear her.

玛丽对着她的父亲高喊，但他离得太远了，听不到她的喊叫。

5．The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.

球重重地打在他身上，使他差点儿落入水中。

so +形容词+that通常引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”：

The book was so interesting that I read it in two hours.

这本书如此有趣，我两个小时就把它看完了。

The box is so heavy that I can't lift it without your help.

这箱子太重了，以至于没有你的帮助我无法把它举起来。

这个结构也可以用于so +副词+that从句结构：

He ran so quickly that no one could catch up with him.

他跑得非常快，没人能赶上他。

It rained so hard that we couldn't go out.

雨下得很大，我们无法出去。

在口语中，引导词that往往可以省略。

6．I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight…我转过头去看那些孩子，但一个也不见……

（1）any代替 any children。

（2） in sight表示“看得见”、“在视野之内”，反义词为 out of sight：

No bus is in sight.

看不见任何公共汽车。

Mary came in sight when I was waiting for Lucy.

我等露西的时候，玛丽出现了。

In the afternoon, we came in sight of the village.

下午时，我们见到了那座村庄。

George left the store and was soon out of sight.

乔治离开了那商店，不久便不见了。

语法 Grammar in use

a，the，some与any的用法

在第6课的语法中，我们学习了a，the和some的一些基本用法。与some意义相近的另一个单词是any，它们都表示“一些”。some通常用于肯定句：

There are some eggs in the fridge.

冰箱里有些鸡蛋。

There is some milk in the fridge.

冰箱里有些牛奶。

any通常用于否定句和疑问句中：

There isn't any meat in the fridge.

冰箱里没肉了。

但是，在疑问句中如果所期望的回答是肯定的，则可以用some：

我们已经知道，在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）前面通常不加任何冠词。但是，在特指的海洋、河流、山脉以及部分复合词形式的国名前，一定要用定冠词the：

He came from the United States of America.

他来自美国。

John lives in London which is on the Thames.

约翰住在泰晤士河畔的伦敦。

在表示世界上独一无二的东西时，通常要加定冠词the：The moon is very pale tonight.

今晚月光很朦胧。

The sun is bright today.

今天阳光明媚。

在 such后面用 a/an，可以起强调作用：

词汇学习 Word study

1．cut

（1）vt．，vi．切，割，剪：

Would you please cut the cake in half?

请把蛋糕切成两半好吗？

I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you.

今天上午我在报纸上读到这个故事便给你剪下来了。

（2）vt．割破，划破：

He shaved hurriedly this morning and cut himself badly.

他今天早上匆匆忙忙地刮脸，刮破了不少地方。

（3）vi．横穿，穿越（介词用 across/through）：

The Wayle cuts across a park.

威尔河横穿过一个公园。

The road cuts across/through the forest.

这条路穿过森林。

2．row

（1）vt．，vi．划船：

Have you ever learned to row (a boat)?

你学过划船吗？

John rowed across the lake quickly.

约翰很快划到了湖那边。

（2）vt．划船载运：

Can you row me up/across the river?

你能划船将我送到河的上游／对岸吗？

He rowed her home.

他划船把她送回家。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1．关键句型练习答案

C 1 Yes, I took some (photographs). No, I didn't take any (photographs).

2 Yes, I bought some (bread). No, I didn't buy any (bread).

3 Yes, I saw some (people). No, I didn't see any (people).

D 1 Refrigerators are necessary in hot countries.

2 Which river is the longest, the Nile, the Amazon, or the Mississippi?

3 Heyerdahl crossed the Pacific on a raft.

4 Why is Britain sometimes called the United Kingdom?

5 We sailed up the Red Sea and then went through the Suez Canal.

2．多项选择题答案

1a 2a 3d 4a 5b 6c

7c 8c 9d 10a 11d 12d

本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/aDqx.html